ATI NUR 4355 Fall 2025 Final Exam
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Free ATI NUR 4355 Fall 2025 Final Exam Questions
A nurse is discussing the introduction of solid foods with the parents of a 6-month-old infant. The parents are eager to start feeding table foods immediately. Which statement by the nurse best reflects evidence-based recommendations for infant feeding?
- “Avoid giving any new foods until after the infant is one year old to prevent allergic reactions.”
- “It’s best to begin solid foods at 4 months to help reduce the amount of breast milk or formula intake.”
- “Solid foods should complement breast milk or formula starting around 6 months, but table foods should only be introduced when the infant shows readiness signs like grasping.”
- “You can replace breast milk entirely with solid table foods once the infant reaches 6 months of age.”
Explanation
Explanation
Evidence-based guidelines recommend introducing solid foods around 6 months of age while continuing breast milk or formula to meet nutritional needs. Infants should show developmental readiness signs, such as sitting with support, showing interest in food, and grasping objects. Early introduction before readiness increases the risk of choking, while replacing milk entirely can lead to nutrient deficiencies. Waiting until one year or starting at 4 months is not recommended for balanced growth and allergy prevention.
Correct Answer Is:
C. “Solid foods should complement breast milk or formula starting around 6 months, but table foods should only be introduced when the infant shows readiness signs like grasping.”Why the other options are incorrect:
Early introduction before readiness increases the risk of choking, while replacing milk entirely can lead to nutrient deficiencies. Waiting until one year or starting at 4 months is not recommended for balanced growth and allergy prevention.A nurse is caring for a 12-year-old client in the acute phase of HIV. Which complication should the nurse monitor for at this time?
- Fever
- Pneumonia
- Kaposi’s sarcoma
- AIDS
Explanation
Explanation
The acute phase of HIV, also called primary HIV infection, typically occurs 2–4 weeks after exposure and presents with nonspecific viral symptoms, such as fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy, sore throat, and rash. Opportunistic infections like pneumonia, Kaposi’s sarcoma, and progression to AIDS occur later, during the chronic or advanced stages of HIV, after significant immune suppression has developed. Therefore, fever is the primary complication to monitor in the acute phase.
Correct Answer Is:
A. FeverWhy the other options are incorrect:
Opportunistic infections like pneumonia, Kaposi’s sarcoma, and progression to AIDS occur later, during the chronic or advanced stages of HIV, after significant immune suppression has developed. Therefore, fever is the primary complication to monitor in the acute phase.A nurse is providing education about the pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy to the family of a child who has been recently diagnosed with the condition. Which of the following statements made by a caregiver indicates understanding?
- “There is an increased workload on the right side of the heart, making the muscle thinner and harder for the heart to pump blood through the body.”
- “There is an increased workload on the left side of the heart, making the muscle thicker and harder for the heart to pump blood through the body.”
- “There is an increased workload in the right and left atria, making the muscle thinner and harder for the heart to pump blood through the body.”
- “There is an increased workload in the right and left ventricles, making the muscle thicker and harder for the heart to pump blood through the body.”
Explanation
Explanation
Cardiomyopathy involves structural and functional changes in the heart muscle, often leading to ventricular hypertrophy or dilation. Increased workload on both the right and left ventricles causes the myocardium to thicken or stiffen, impairing effective contraction and relaxation, which can reduce cardiac output and lead to heart failure. The atria and isolated sides of the heart are not solely responsible for the pathophysiology, and thinning of the myocardium is less typical in most pediatric cardiomyopathies.
Correct Answer Is:
D. “There is an increased workload in the right and left ventricles, making the muscle thicker and harder for the heart to pump blood through the body.”Why the other options are incorrect:
The atria and isolated sides of the heart are not solely responsible for the pathophysiology, and thinning of the myocardium is less typical in most pediatric cardiomyopathies.A nurse is caring for a preschool-aged child. The parent reports that they speak only in Spanish at home and that the child is having trouble recognizing letters in English at preschool. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
- “Speaking a different language at home shouldn’t affect learning how letters sound.”
- “Children who are learning a new language sometimes have difficulty learning new letters.”
- “It’s great that you’re teaching them another language at this age.”
- “You should have them evaluated by our speech team.”
Explanation
Explanation
Preschool-aged children who are exposed to a second language may temporarily struggle with letter recognition and phonics in the new language. This is a normal part of bilingual language development and does not necessarily indicate a learning or speech disorder. The nurse should provide reassurance and normalize the experience rather than suggest unnecessary evaluation or dismiss the parent’s concern.
Correct Answer Is:
B. “Children who are learning a new language sometimes have difficulty learning new letters.”Why the other options are incorrect:
This is a normal part of bilingual language development and does not necessarily indicate a learning or speech disorder. The nurse should provide reassurance and normalize the experience rather than suggest unnecessary evaluation or dismiss the parent’s concern.A 3-month-old infant who has been exclusively breastfed is now transitioning to formula feeding due to maternal choice. The infant’s growth parameters remain within normal limits, and the mother is unfamiliar with formula preparation. Which nursing statement best supports safe and effective formula feeding while respecting the mother’s decision?
- “Formula feeding is easier and will let you get more rest, so it’s definitely the better option now.”
- “I can help you learn how to properly prepare and safely store formula to ensure your infant receives safe nutrition.”
- “Since formula feeding is not as beneficial as breastfeeding, you should only use it as a last resort.”
- “Breastfeeding provides better immunity, so I strongly recommend you reconsider and continue breastfeeding.”
Explanation
Explanation
This statement supports the mother’s informed choice while prioritizing infant safety and nutrition. The nurse provides education on proper formula preparation and storage, which is essential to prevent contamination, ensure appropriate nutrient intake, and promote healthy growth. The response is nonjudgmental, respectful, and aligned with patient-centered care principles. The other statements either pressure the mother, minimize her decision, or introduce bias rather than offering practical support.
Correct Answer Is:
B. “I can help you learn how to properly prepare and safely store formula to ensure your infant receives safe nutrition.”Why the other options are incorrect:
The other statements either pressure the mother, minimize her decision, or introduce bias rather than offering practical support.A nurse is providing education to the caregiver of a school-age child regarding immunizations to prevent respiratory infections. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- “Most vaccines require only one dose.”
- “The rhinovirus can be prevented with a vaccine.”
- “Children who have underlying respiratory diseases should not receive vaccines.”
- “Early immunization is key to the prevention of illnesses.”
Explanation
Explanation
Early immunization is essential for preventing many serious infectious diseases, including those that affect the respiratory system. Vaccines stimulate the immune system to develop protection before exposure occurs, reducing the severity and spread of illness. Many vaccines require multiple doses for full immunity, there is no vaccine for rhinovirus (the common cold), and children with underlying respiratory conditions often need vaccines even more to protect them from complications.
Correct Answer Is:
D. “Early immunization is key to the prevention of illnesses.”Why the other options are incorrect:
Many vaccines require multiple doses for full immunity, there is no vaccine for rhinovirus (the common cold), and children with underlying respiratory conditions often need vaccines even more to protect them from complications.A nurse is providing care for an 18-month-old toddler in the primary care provider’s office. The primary care provider has finished performing the autism screening assessment (M-CHAT-R/F) on the child and noted a negative screening. Which of the following is true regarding this result?
- The child has autism spectrum disorder. The child should be referred to an early intervention program.
- The child may still have autism spectrum disorder. The child should be screened again at 24 months old.
- The child does not have autism spectrum disorder and further assessment is not warranted.
- The child may or may not have autism spectrum disorder. The child needs to be rescreened with the correct tool for the age of the child.
Explanation
Explanation
A negative M-CHAT-R/F screening at 18 months does not completely rule out autism spectrum disorder. Developmental changes can emerge over time, and current guidelines recommend repeating autism screening at both 18 and 24 months of age. Ongoing surveillance is important, and rescreening at 24 months helps identify children who may develop signs of ASD later in toddlerhood.
Correct Answer Is:
B. The child may still have autism spectrum disorder. The child should be screened again at 24 months old.A nurse is planning an educational program for a group of caregivers about bicycle safety for children. Which of the following information should the nurse plan to include? (Select all that apply.)
- Always wear a helmet when riding a bicycle.
- When riding with cars, ride against traffic to see the cars on the road.
- Never ride on the handlebars of a bicycle.
- It is safe to wear sandals when riding a bicycle.
- Use bike lanes when available.
- Do not use earbuds or headphones while riding a bicycle.
Explanation
Explanation
A. Always wear a helmet when riding a bicycle.
Wearing a properly fitted helmet significantly reduces the risk of head injury in the event of a fall or collision. Helmets are one of the most effective safety measures for preventing serious brain injuries in children who ride bicycles.
C. Never ride on the handlebars of a bicycle.
Riding on the handlebars increases the risk of falls and loss of control, especially if the bicycle stops suddenly or turns. This position provides no protection and greatly increases the chance of serious injury.
E. Use bike lanes when available.
Bike lanes separate cyclists from motor vehicle traffic, reducing the risk of collisions. Encouraging children to use designated bike lanes promotes safer riding practices and improves overall road safety.
F. Do not use earbuds or headphones while riding a bicycle.
Using earbuds or headphones reduces awareness of surrounding sounds, such as approaching vehicles, horns, or warnings. This sensory distraction increases the risk of accidents and injuries while riding.
Correct Answer Is:
A. Always wear a helmet when riding a bicycle.C. Never ride on the handlebars of a bicycle.
E. Use bike lanes when available.
F. Do not use earbuds or headphones while riding a bicycle.
A nurse is assessing a child for risk of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Which of the following is a factor the nurse should recognize as being a risk factor for AVM?
- The child has taken phenytoin medication for seizures.
- The child is a 6-year-old female.
- The child has a genetic history of Hippel-Lindau disease.
- The client smoked while they were pregnant with the child.
Explanation
Explanation
Arteriovenous malformations are often congenital vascular anomalies that can be associated with genetic syndromes, including conditions like Hippel-Lindau disease. This hereditary disorder increases the risk of vascular malformations, hemangioblastomas, and other tumors. Phenytoin use, child’s age or sex, and maternal smoking are not recognized risk factors for AVMs. Identifying a genetic predisposition is important for monitoring and early intervention.
Correct Answer Is:
C. The child has a genetic history of Hippel-Lindau disease.Why the other options are incorrect:
Phenytoin use, child’s age or sex, and maternal smoking are not recognized risk factors for AVMs. Identifying a genetic predisposition is important for monitoring and early intervention.A nurse is providing teaching to a parent who reports feeling overwhelmed and frustrated because their newborn has persistent, inconsolable crying despite all of the usual soothing measures. Which complication should the nurse stress the importance of preventing through immediate and thorough parental education?
- Infections caused by inadequate diaper changes
- Colic as a common cause of crying in newborns
- Failure to thrive related to poor feeding techniques
- Shaken baby syndrome due to parental frustration and excessive crying
Explanation
Explanation
Persistent, inconsolable crying can increase parental stress and the risk of abusive behaviors, including shaken baby syndrome, which can cause severe brain injury or death. Education should focus on coping strategies, safe handling, and stress relief techniques. While colic, infections, and feeding issues are relevant, the most critical complication to prevent is non-accidental trauma resulting from frustration and unsafe responses to crying.
Correct Answer Is:
D. Shaken baby syndrome due to parental frustration and excessive cryingWhy the other options are incorrect:
While colic, infections, and feeding issues are relevant, the most critical complication to prevent is non-accidental trauma resulting from frustration and unsafe responses to crying.How to Order
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