ITSW 2226 D284 Software Engineering

Correct Answer

C. Requirements, CRC

Explanation

Class-Responsibility-Collaboration (CRC) cards are a conceptual design technique used in object-oriented programming to identify classes and their responsibilities. It involves analyzing the problem space by outlining potential classes, their roles, and their interactions with other classes. Requirements provide the necessary context and features that the software must meet, and combining them with CRC cards helps in effectively determining the key classes for the system.

Why other options are wrong

A. CRC, mockups

This is incorrect because mockups are primarily used to visualize the user interface (UI) and user interactions, not to identify classes in object-oriented design. While mockups are useful for front-end design, they do not contribute directly to the identification of object classes.

B. Requirements, trade offs

This is incorrect because tradeoffs refer to balancing conflicting needs or priorities, which may help in decisions but do not specifically guide the determination of classes. The requirements give the context, but CRC is more effective in identifying the classes.

D. Requirements, mockups

This is incorrect because mockups help in designing the user interface and are not primarily used for analyzing the problem space or identifying object classes. The combination of requirements and CRC would be a more effective method for this purpose.

Correct Answer

C. MyClass

Explanation

In Java, class names should follow the CamelCase convention, where the first letter of each word is capitalized, and no underscores are used. MyClass adheres to this naming convention and is a valid class name. Math2 is valid as well, but it's better to use descriptive names rather than numbers in class names. System is a reserved keyword in Java, and Phone_User violates the convention due to the underscore.

Why other options are wrong

A. Phone_User

This is incorrect because class names should not contain underscores. Java uses CamelCase for class naming, so this would not be considered a proper class name by convention.

B. System

This is incorrect because System is a predefined class in Java (java.lang.System), and using it as a class name would cause conflicts and errors in the program.

D. Math2

While this name is technically valid, it is not ideal by convention because class names should be descriptive and should avoid including numbers unless necessary. Using more descriptive names without numbers is generally preferred for readability and maintainability.

Correct Answer

D. Abstract classes are complete classes that can be used to instantiate objects.

Explanation

Abstract classes cannot be instantiated directly. They are designed to provide a base structure or behavior for other classes to extend and implement. They can include both fully implemented (concrete) methods and abstract (unimplemented) methods. Their purpose is to serve as a blueprint for subclasses rather than being used on their own.

Why other options are wrong

A. An abstract class is a class which declares the existence of some methods but not its implementation

This is true. Abstract classes can include methods that are declared without implementation, which forces subclasses to provide the method body.

B. Abstract classes are used to represent some fundamental behavior expected for all specialized classes

This is correct. Abstract classes define common functionality and structure that are shared across multiple subclasses, making code more reusable and organized.

C. All non implemented methods of an abstract class should be implemented in its subclasses

This is also correct. If a subclass does not implement all of the abstract methods of its parent abstract class, it must also be declared abstract. For a concrete subclass, all unimplemented abstract methods must be defined.

Correct Answer

D. CASE tools used in the project

Explanation

Software Configuration Items (SCIs) are artifacts that are under configuration control in a project. They include documents, source code, test cases, and system prototypes—basically anything that is a deliverable or needs version control. CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) tools are utilities or software used to assist in software development but are not themselves part of the project deliverables or subject to configuration management for that specific software project.

Why other options are wrong

A. configuration management plan for the project

This is an SCI because it is a documented plan that outlines how configuration management will be performed and is typically maintained under version control.

B. prototype of the system

A system prototype is an SCI because it represents a part of the evolving product and is often subject to updates, reviews, and approvals.

C. windows 10 operating system

Although it is third-party software, when it is part of the system's runtime environment or required for deployment, it can be considered an SCI to track compatibility and dependencies.

E. test cases

Test cases are SCIs because they are deliverables that need to be maintained, versioned, and traced to requirements. They play a critical role in validation and verification processes.

Correct Answer

B. Functional and non functional

Explanation

Software requirements are typically categorized into functional and non-functional requirements. Functional requirements describe what the system should do — the behaviors, features, and interactions it must support. Non-functional requirements, on the other hand, define how the system performs — such as performance, reliability, usability, and scalability. Both are essential to building a complete and usable system.

Why other options are wrong

A. High level and low level

This is incorrect because these terms refer more to the level of abstraction or detail in design or planning, not the nature of software requirements themselves.

C. User and system

While user and system requirements are valid classifications in some contexts, they are not the primary formal categories used in requirement classification. These can often overlap with functional and non-functional categories.

D. Design and development

This is incorrect because design and development are phases in the software development lifecycle, not types of requirements. They involve different activities that implement and build upon the requirements but are not types of requirements themselves.

Correct Answer

A. It encourages diverse perspectives from participants

Explanation

Focus groups are designed to bring together individuals with different viewpoints and expertise, which encourages diverse perspectives on the topic being discussed. This approach is useful for gathering varied insights and can often lead to rich, qualitative data.

Why other options are wrong

B. It is primarily used for quantitative data collection

Focus groups are more commonly used to collect qualitative data, such as opinions, experiences, and perceptions. Quantitative data is typically collected through methods like surveys or experiments, not focus groups.

C. It guarantees unanimous agreement among participants

Focus groups do not guarantee unanimous agreement. In fact, one of the strengths of focus groups is that they can capture a range of opinions and allow for healthy discussion and debate among participants.

D. It is less effective than individual interviews for detailed insights

Focus groups can be very effective for generating discussion and capturing a variety of perspectives. While individual interviews might provide more depth for certain topics, focus groups are valuable for capturing collective insights and exploring group dynamics. Therefore, they can be just as effective as, if not more than, individual interviews in some contexts.

Correct Answer

B. Visual language

Explanation

A visual language allows developers to design applications by selecting from a predefined set of components and arranging them using a graphical interface. This type of programming language often uses drag-and-drop features to create applications, making it easier for developers to build applications without writing extensive code. These languages are typically used in environments like visual development tools or integrated development environments (IDEs) where the user interface can be visually manipulated.

Why other options are wrong

A. Toolkit language

A toolkit language refers to a set of software tools and libraries that provide components and functions to help developers build applications. While it may offer prebuilt components, it does not necessarily involve a graphical interface to select them, making it different from a visual language.

C. Configuration language

A configuration language is used for defining the settings or configurations of a system or application, not for creating applications with predefined components through a graphical interface.

D. Scripting language

A scripting language is used for writing scripts to automate tasks or control the behavior of applications. It does not typically involve the selection of predefined components using a graphical interface but is more focused on writing code in a textual form.

Correct Answer

C. The interviewer must take detailed notes during the session

Explanation

Taking detailed notes during an interview is essential to ensure that all gathered requirements and key points are accurately captured. These notes form the foundation for further analysis and documentation of the requirements. Without proper documentation, critical information could be lost.

Why other options are wrong

A. All stakeholders must be in the same location

While it may be ideal for stakeholders to be in the same location, it is not always necessary. Interviews can be conducted remotely, and technology can bridge the distance gap, allowing for effective interviews even when stakeholders are in different locations.

B. The interviewer must have a list of prepared answers

The purpose of an interview is to gather input and insights from the stakeholders, not to provide answers. The interviewer should ask questions and listen carefully to the responses rather than offering their own prepared answers.

D. Stakeholders are not allowed to provide detailed answers

This is incorrect because the goal of an interview is to gather as much detail as possible. Detailed answers are crucial for understanding the stakeholders' needs, expectations, and requirements. Restricting stakeholders from providing detailed answers would limit the value of the interview.

Correct Answer

D. Question and answer sessions are held with individual stakeholders

Explanation

Interviews involve direct interactions, usually between a requirements analyst and a single stakeholder. These Q&A sessions allow for detailed probing, follow-up questions, and the opportunity to uncover unstated or implied requirements. This technique is ideal for clarifying stakeholder expectations in depth.

Why other options are wrong

A. Survey questions are sent out and respondents fill them out on their own time

This is incorrect because it describes surveys, not interviews. Surveys are self-administered and lack the interactive nature of interviews.

B. Multiple users participate in a moderated discussion setting

This is incorrect because it describes focus groups. Interviews are typically one-on-one sessions rather than group discussions.

C. Stakeholders are only allowed to provide written feedback

This is incorrect because interviews encourage verbal interaction. Limiting stakeholders to written responses removes the opportunity for real-time clarification and dialogue.