Introduction to IT (C182)
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Free Introduction to IT (C182) Questions
What is the primary function of the BIOS ROM on a motherboard?
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To enhance the performance of the CPU
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To connect external peripherals directly
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To store user data and files
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To initialize hardware components and load the operating system
Explanation
Correct Answer
D. To initialize hardware components and load the operating system
Explanation
The BIOS (Basic Input Output System) is stored in ROM and is responsible for performing hardware checks (POST) and loading the bootloader, which then loads the operating system.
Why other options are wrong
A. To enhance the performance of the CPU is incorrect because BIOS does not directly enhance CPU performance; it only manages hardware initialization.
B. To connect external peripherals directly is incorrect because BIOS manages basic system functions but does not directly handle peripheral connections.
C. To store user data and files is incorrect because BIOS ROM is not used for data storage; user data is stored on storage drives like SSDs or HDDs.
What type of software permits free temporary use followed by long-term activation for a fee?
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Proprietary
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Public Domain
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Open Source
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Shareware
Explanation
Correct Answer
D. Shareware
Explanation
Shareware is software that is distributed for free on a trial basis, allowing users to test it before purchasing a full version. After the trial period, users must pay to continue using the software legally. Examples include trial versions of antivirus programs and certain productivity software.
Why other options are wrong
A. Proprietary. Proprietary software is owned by a company or individual and typically requires purchase or licensing from the start, without a free trial period.
B. Public Domain. Public domain software is not owned by any entity and can be freely used, modified, and distributed without cost.
C. Open Source. Open-source software provides its source code to the public for free use and modification, often with no time restrictions or payment requirements.
What is the primary function of a database server?
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To serve web pages to users over the internet.
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To provide access to databases and perform data-related tasks.
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To encrypt data for secure storage in memory.
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To monitor network traffic for security purposes.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B. To provide access to databases and perform data-related tasks.
Explanation
A database server is responsible for storing, retrieving, and managing data in a structured manner. It responds to queries from client applications and ensures efficient data processing and storage.
Why other options are wrong
A. To serve web pages to users over the internet is incorrect because serving web pages is the role of a web server, not a database server.
C. To encrypt data for secure storage in memory is incorrect because while encryption can be used within a database server, it is not its primary function.
D. To monitor network traffic for security purposes is incorrect because network monitoring is typically done by firewalls and intrusion detection systems, not database servers.
What is one of the primary responsibilities of a Database Administrator?
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Managing web servers and applications
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Conducting market research for business strategies
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Creating user interfaces for software applications
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Design, development, and support of database management systems
Explanation
Correct Answer
D. Design, development, and support of database management systems
Explanation
A Database Administrator (DBA) is responsible for designing, implementing, managing, and securing database systems. They ensure data integrity, optimize performance, and provide backup and recovery solutions.
Why other options are wrong
A. Managing web servers and applications is incorrect because this is the responsibility of a Web Administrator or System Administrator, not a DBA.
B. Conducting market research for business strategies is incorrect because this is typically handled by business analysts or marketing professionals, not a DBA.
C. Creating user interfaces for software applications is incorrect because UI/UX designers and software developers handle this task, not DBAs.
Which type of memory is considered volatile and loses its contents when the power is turned off?
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Random Access Memory (RAM)
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Static RAM (SRAM)
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Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
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Read Only Memory (ROM)
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. Random Access Memory (RAM)
Explanation
RAM is volatile memory, meaning it requires power to maintain its data. When the computer is turned off, all data stored in RAM is lost.
Why other options are wrong
B. Static RAM (SRAM) is incorrect because while it is a type of RAM, it is still volatile and is mainly used in caches.
C. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) is incorrect because DRAM is a type of RAM and is also volatile, but the term RAM generally refers to both SRAM and DRAM.
D. Read Only Memory (ROM) is incorrect because ROM is non-volatile, meaning it retains data even when power is turned off.
What kind of programming language is Python?
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An interpreted language
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A compiled language
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An interpolated language
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A manufactured language
Explanation
Correct Answer:
A. An interpreted language
Explanation:
Python is an interpreted language, meaning that its code is executed line by line by an interpreter at runtime, rather than being compiled into machine code beforehand.
Why other options are wrong:
A compiled language: A compiled language is incorrect because Python does not require a separate compilation step before execution.
An interpolated language: An interpolated language is incorrect because "interpolated" is not a valid term for describing programming languages.
A manufactured language: A manufactured language is incorrect because this term is not used to classify programming languages.
Which hardware component is primarily responsible for holding data and instructions that are actively being processed by the computer?
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Central processing unit (CPU)
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Random-access memory (RAM)
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Solid-state drive (SSD)
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Cache memory
Explanation
Correct Answer:
B. Random-access memory (RAM)
Explanation
RAM is the hardware component that temporarily holds data and instructions that are actively being processed by the computer, allowing for quick access by the CPU.
Why other options are wrong:
Central processing unit (CPU) is incorrect because the CPU processes data but does not store it.
Solid-state drive (SSD) is wrong as an SSD is a storage device, but it does not hold data that is actively being processed in the same way that RAM does.
Cache memory is incorrect because cache memory is a smaller, faster type of volatile memory that provides high-speed data access to the CPU, but it is not primarily responsible for holding all active data and instructions.
Which of the following is NOT a source of data for a data warehouse?
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Sales records.
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Personal documents.
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Marketing and public relations reports.
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Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B. Personal documents.
Explanation
A data warehouse collects structured data from various sources such as sales records, marketing reports, and ERP systems to support business intelligence and analytics. Personal documents, however, are not typically included because they are not standardized or relevant for enterprise-wide decision-making.
Why other options are wrong
A. Sales records are a key source of data for a data warehouse as they provide valuable business insights.
C. Marketing and public relations reports contribute strategic and customer insights that help businesses refine their operations.
D. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems integrate various business functions, making them a crucial data source for a data warehouse.
What is a database primarily defined as?
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A type of programming language
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A physical storage device
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A method of data encryption
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An organized collection of data
Explanation
Correct Answer
D. An organized collection of data
Explanation
A database is a structured collection of data that is stored and managed electronically. It allows users to efficiently store, retrieve, and manipulate data.
Why other options are wrong
A. A type of programming language is incorrect because a database is not a programming language, though it may use languages like SQL for interaction.
B. A physical storage device is incorrect because databases are logical structures, while physical storage devices such as hard drives or SSDs store the data.
C. A method of data encryption is incorrect because while databases can use encryption, their primary function is to store and organize data.
What role does a proxy server play in an organization?
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It acts as a cache for web pages and provides anonymity for users.
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It is a type of firewall that blocks all incoming traffic.
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It stores all user data for analysis and reporting purposes.
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It directly connects users to the internet without any filtering.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. It acts as a cache for web pages and provides anonymity for users.
Explanation
A proxy server acts as an intermediary between users and the internet. It improves performance by caching frequently accessed web pages and enhances security by hiding users' IP addresses, providing anonymity. It can also be used for content filtering and monitoring web activity.
Why other options are wrong
B. It is a type of firewall that blocks all incoming traffic is incorrect because a proxy server does not function as a full-fledged firewall; it primarily filters and routes requests.
C. It stores all user data for analysis and reporting purposes is incorrect because while proxies can log traffic data, their primary function is not to store user data.
D. It directly connects users to the internet without any filtering is incorrect because proxies act as intermediaries, not direct connections.
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