Introduction to IT (C182)
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Free Introduction to IT (C182) Questions
Which OLAP operation provides more detail by breaking down data into finer levels?
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Dicing
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Drilling down
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Slicing
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Monitoring
Explanation
Correct Answer
B. Drilling down
Explanation
Drilling down in OLAP allows users to move from summary data to more detailed data, breaking it down into finer levels for in-depth analysis. This helps businesses analyze trends and understand data at a granular level.
Why other options are wrong
A. Dicing creates a subcube from the dataset but does not focus on increasing detail.
C. Slicing filters the data along a specific dimension but does not provide additional levels of detail.
D. Monitoring is not an OLAP operation; it refers to tracking data changes or system performance.
Which of the following is NOT a source of data for a data warehouse?
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Sales records.
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Personal documents.
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Marketing and public relations reports.
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Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B. Personal documents.
Explanation
A data warehouse collects structured data from various sources such as sales records, marketing reports, and ERP systems to support business intelligence and analytics. Personal documents, however, are not typically included because they are not standardized or relevant for enterprise-wide decision-making.
Why other options are wrong
A. Sales records are a key source of data for a data warehouse as they provide valuable business insights.
C. Marketing and public relations reports contribute strategic and customer insights that help businesses refine their operations.
D. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems integrate various business functions, making them a crucial data source for a data warehouse.
Which of the following is NOT a typical peripheral device used for input?
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Scanner
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Mouse
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Keyboard
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Monitor
Explanation
Correct Answer
D. Monitor
Explanation
A monitor is an output device because it displays information to the user. It does not take input but rather presents the processed data visually.
Why other options are wrong
A. Scanner is incorrect because a scanner captures images or text and converts them into digital format, making it an input device.
B. Mouse is incorrect because a mouse allows users to interact with a computer by moving the cursor and selecting options, making it an input device.
C. Keyboard is incorrect because a keyboard allows users to enter text and commands into the computer, making it an input device.
What defines a vulnerability in a security program?
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A weakness or gap in a security program that can be exploited.
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A type of software that protects against malware.
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A method for encrypting sensitive data in transit.
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A strong defense mechanism against cyber attacks.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. A weakness or gap in a security program that can be exploited.
Explanation
A vulnerability refers to a flaw, weakness, or gap in a security system that could be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access, disrupt operations, or steal data. Vulnerabilities can exist in software, hardware, networks, or human processes.
Why other options are wrong
B. A type of software that protects against malware is incorrect because anti-malware software is a defense mechanism, not a vulnerability.
C. A method for encrypting sensitive data in transit is incorrect because encryption is a security measure, not a vulnerability.
D. A strong defense mechanism against cyber attacks is incorrect because vulnerabilities represent weaknesses, not defenses.
How is an IP address structured?
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An IP address consists of five numbers between 0 and 255.
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An IP address consists of two letters and two numbers.
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An IP address consists of three numbers between 0 and 100.
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An IP address consists of four numbers between 0 and 255.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D. An IP address consists of four numbers between 0 and 255.
Explanation
An IPv4 address consists of four numbers (or "octets") separated by periods, with each number ranging from 0 to 255 (e.g., 192.168.1.1). This addressing system allows devices to be uniquely identified on a network.
Why other options are wrong
A. An IP address consists of five numbers between 0 and 255 is incorrect because IPv4 addresses only have four octets.
B. An IP address consists of two letters and two numbers is incorrect because IP addresses are numerical and do not contain letters.
C. An IP address consists of three numbers between 0 and 100 is incorrect because IP addresses have four numbers, not three, and they range from 0 to 255, not just 0 to 100.
What is a critical objective of business continuity planning to ensure operational resilience?
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Minimizing operational costs
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Maximizing resource accessibility
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Enhancing employee productivity
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Reducing system complexity
Explanation
Correct Answer:
Maximizing resource accessibility
Explanation:
A critical objective of business continuity planning is to ensure that resources (such as systems, data, and personnel) remain accessible during disruptions, enabling the organization to maintain operations and recover quickly.
Why other options are wrong:
Minimizing operational costs: While minimizing costs is important, it is not the primary focus of business continuity planning, which prioritizes resilience and recovery.
Enhancing employee productivity: Enhancing productivity is a general business goal but not the main objective of business continuity planning, which focuses on maintaining operations during disruptions.
Reducing system complexity: Reducing system complexity may improve efficiency, but it is not the primary goal of business continuity planning, which emphasizes resource availability and recovery.
What does a URL consist of?
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Protocol, domain name, and resource ID.
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Protocol, IP address, and file type.
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Domain name, server type, and resource ID.
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Protocol, host name, and file size.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. Protocol, domain name, and resource ID.
Explanation
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is composed of a protocol (such as HTTP or HTTPS), a domain name (such as example.com), and a resource identifier (such as a specific webpage or file path). This structure allows web browsers to locate and retrieve resources from the internet.
Why other options are wrong
B. Protocol, IP address, and file type is incorrect because URLs typically use domain names instead of direct IP addresses. File type is also not a required component.
C. Domain name, server type, and resource ID is incorrect because "server type" is not a standard component of a URL.
D. Protocol, host name, and file size is incorrect because file size is not part of a URL's structure.
Which report indicates the differences between planned resources and actual resources used in a project?
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Resource allocation reports
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Final reports
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Status reports
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Variance reports
Explanation
Correct Answer
D. Variance reports
Explanation
A variance report compares planned resources (such as budget, time, and personnel) with the actual resources used. It helps managers assess project performance and take corrective actions if needed.
Why other options are wrong
A. Resource allocation reports show how resources are assigned but do not compare planned vs. actual usage.
B. Final reports summarize the overall outcome of a project rather than track differences during execution.
C. Status reports provide updates on project progress but do not focus on comparing planned and actual resources.
In the MVC development technique, what role does the controller play?
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It interacts with the user and processes requests
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It executes the program instructions
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It represents the user interface
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It stores and manages data
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. It interacts with the user and processes requests
Explanation
In the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture, the controller is responsible for handling user inputs, processing requests, and updating the model and view accordingly. It acts as an intermediary between the model (data) and the view (user interface).
Why other options are wrong
B. It executes the program instructions is incorrect because the controller does not directly execute program instructions but rather coordinates interactions between the model and view.
C. It represents the user interface is incorrect because the view is responsible for the user interface, not the controller.
D. It stores and manages data is incorrect because the model is responsible for managing data.
What is the primary function of a CPU instruction?
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To create user interfaces
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To store data permanently
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To perform a very specific task
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To manage network connections
Explanation
Correct Answer
C. To perform a very specific task
Explanation
A CPU instruction is a low-level command that directs the processor to carry out a specific task, such as arithmetic operations, data movement, or logical comparisons. These instructions form the basis of all computer operations.
Why other options are wrong
A. To create user interfaces is incorrect because user interfaces are designed at a higher level using software and programming languages, not individual CPU instructions.
B. To store data permanently is incorrect because the CPU does not store data permanently; storage devices like hard drives and SSDs perform this function.
D. To manage network connections is incorrect because network management is handled by networking software and hardware components, not CPU instructions directly.
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ITEC 2001 C182 Introduction to IT
1. Introduction to Information Technology
Information Technology (IT) refers to the use of computers, storage, networking, and other physical devices to create, process, store, secure, and exchange all forms of electronic data. IT is a broad field that encompasses hardware, software, networks, and the internet.
- Hardware: Physical devices like computers, servers, and routers.
- Software: Programs and operating systems that run on hardware.
- Networks: Systems that allow devices to communicate and share resources.
- Data: Information processed and stored by IT systems.
2. Hardware and Software
- Input Devices: Keyboards, mice, scanners.
- Output Devices: Monitors, printers, speakers.
- Storage Devices: Hard drives, SSDs, USB flash drives.
- Processing Devices: CPUs, GPUs.
- System Software: Operating systems like Windows, macOS, Linux.
- Application Software: Programs like Microsoft Word, Adobe Photoshop.
- Utility Software: Tools like antivirus programs and disk cleaners.
Hardware and software work together to perform tasks. Without software, hardware is just a collection of components, and without hardware, software cannot function.
3. Networking and the Internet
Networking involves connecting devices to share resources and information. Common types include Local Area Networks (LANs) and Wide Area Networks (WANs).
The internet is a global network of interconnected computers that use standardized communication protocols to share information.
Cloud computing allows users to access and store data and applications over the internet instead of on local hardware.
4. Data Management
Databases are organized collections of data that can be easily accessed, managed, and updated.
Example: A hospital uses a database to store patient records, making it easy for doctors to retrieve medical histories.
Protecting data from unauthorized access and ensuring privacy is critical in IT.
Example: Encryption is used to secure sensitive data, such as credit card information during online transactions.
Big data refers to extremely large datasets that can be analyzed to reveal patterns and trends.
5. Systems Development
The SDLC is a structured approach to developing IT systems, including phases like planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance.
Agile is a flexible approach to software development that focuses on iterative progress and collaboration.
IT professionals, such as developers and project managers, play key roles in designing, building, and maintaining IT systems.
6. Cybersecurity
Common threats include malware, phishing, and hacking.
Firewalls, antivirus software, and multi-factor authentication are common security measures.
IT professionals must adhere to ethical standards and laws, such as data protection regulations.
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