BIO 2401 Anatomy and Physiology Exam at Central Alabama Community College
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Free BIO 2401 Anatomy and Physiology Exam at Central Alabama Community College Questions
Which division of the nervous system is composed of the nerves that carry impulses to the CNS?
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Central
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Peripheral
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Sensory
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Motor
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Somatic
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Autonomic
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Sympathetic
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Parasympathetic
Explanation
The sensory division of the nervous system is responsible for carrying impulses to the central nervous system (CNS) from sensory receptors located throughout the body. This includes sensory input from the skin, muscles, and internal organs. Sensory neurons transmit information about external stimuli (like touch, temperature, and pain) and internal conditions (like blood pressure and oxygen levels) to the brain and spinal cord for processing.
Which of the following joint types is a functional classification type?
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Suture
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Syndesmoses
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Gomphoses
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Symphyses
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Synchondroses
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Synovial
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Synarthroses
Explanation
Synarthroses is a functional classification of joints, which refers to immovable joints. In these joints, the bones are either fused together or held tightly by fibrous tissue, making them incapable of movement. An example of a synarthrosis is a suture in the skull, where the bones are fused together.
Which gland secretes sweat?
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Ceruminous
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Sudoriferous
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Sebaceous
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Mammary
Explanation
The sudoriferous glands, also known as sweat glands, are responsible for secreting sweat. These glands help regulate body temperature by releasing sweat, which cools the body as it evaporates. There are two main types of sweat glands: eccrine glands, which are found all over the body and help with temperature regulation, and apocrine glands, which are found in areas like the armpits and groin and are associated with body odor.
Which of the following structures tie bone to bone?
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Tendons
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Ligaments
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Bursa
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Meniscus
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Capsule
Explanation
Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that connect bone to bone. They play a crucial role in stabilizing joints by providing strength and limiting excessive movement between bones. Ligaments help maintain joint integrity and function.
Which type of bone growth causes an increase in bone diameter?
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Appositional
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Longitudinal
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Bone remodeling
Explanation
Appositional growth is the process by which bones increase in diameter. In this process, osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) add new bone tissue to the outer surface of the bone, while osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells) break down bone tissue on the inner surface, enlarging the medullary cavity. This type of growth allows bones to thicken and become stronger in response to increased stress.
When a person's blood sugar rises, insulin is released which causes blood sugar levels to fall. As blood sugar levels fall, the release of insulin stops. What type of homeostatic control mechanism is being described?
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Positive
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Negative
Explanation
This is an example of a negative feedback mechanism. Negative feedback works to counteract a change and return the body to a stable state. In this case, as blood sugar levels rise, insulin is released to lower the blood sugar. When blood sugar levels fall to normal, the release of insulin stops, preventing further decrease. This process helps maintain homeostasis by keeping blood sugar within a narrow range.
Positive feedback mechanisms, on the other hand, amplify or reinforce the change, such as in the process of childbirth where contractions increase in intensity.
Which bone marking term means a small, rounded projection?
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Tuberosity
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Crest
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Line
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Tubercle
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Condyle
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Epicondyle
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Spine
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Head
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I. Facet
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J. Ramus
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K. Meatus
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L. Sinus
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M. Fossa
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N. Sulcus
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O. Fissure
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P. Foramen
Explanation
A tubercle is a small, rounded projection or bump on a bone, often serving as a site for muscle attachment. Tubercle markings are commonly found on the surface of long bones.
Which term represents the movement of the arm away from the mid-line of the body?
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Flexion
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Extension
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Abduction
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Adduction
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Circumduction
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Rotation
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Supination
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Pronation
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I. Protraction
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J. Retraction
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K. Elevation
Explanation
Abduction refers to the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body. In the case of the arm, abduction is the action of raising the arm to the side, moving it away from the body’s midline.
Which bone marking term means a round or oval opening through a bone?
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Tuberosity
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Crest
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Trochanter
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Line
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Tubercle
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Condyle
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Epicondyle
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Spine
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I. Head
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J. Facet
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K. Ramus
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L. Meatus
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M. Sinus
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N. Foramen
Explanation
A foramen is a round or oval opening through a bone, typically allowing for the passage of nerves, blood vessels, or ligaments. An example is the foramen magnum in the skull, through which the spinal cord passes.
What is the unit for frequency?
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Hertz
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Decibel
Explanation
The unit for frequency is hertz (Hz). Frequency refers to the number of cycles or vibrations of a wave per second. It is commonly used in the context of sound waves, electromagnetic waves (like light), and other periodic phenomena. One hertz is equal to one cycle per second.
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