Pediatric Primary Care for the Advanced Practice Nurse (D119)
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Free Pediatric Primary Care for the Advanced Practice Nurse (D119) Questions
A healthcare provider has prescribed amoxicillin, 125 mg orally three times daily for a child with a bacterial infection. The medication label states: 'Amoxicillin, 250 mg/5 mL.' How many milliliters should the nurse administer for each dose
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2.5 mL
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5 mL
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10 mL
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12.5 mL
Explanation
Correct Answer A. 2.5 mL
Explanation
To determine the correct dose, we use the formula:
Dose to be administered = Ordered dose × Volume of solutionConcentration of solution
Substituting the values:
Dose to be administered = 125 mg × 5 mL250 mg = 2.5 mL
Therefore, the nurse should administer 2.5 mL of the amoxicillin suspension for each dose.
Why other options are wrong
B. 5 mL
5 mL would provide 250 mg of amoxicillin, which is double the prescribed dose of 125 mg. Therefore, this is not the correct volume for each dose.
C. 10 mL
10 mL would provide 500 mg of amoxicillin, which is four times the prescribed dose. This would be an overdose and is not the correct volume to administer.
D. 12.5 mL
12.5 mL would provide 625 mg of amoxicillin, which is five times the prescribed dose. This is an incorrect and unsafe amount for the child.
A nurse is providing health education to the parents of a toddler. Which of the following should the nurse emphasize as a common health risk for children in this age group
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Exposure to secondhand smoke
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Lead poisoning
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Unintentional injuries
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Childhood obesity
Explanation
Correct Answer C. Unintentional injuries
Explanation
Unintentional injuries, such as falls, burns, and poisoning, are the most common health risk for toddlers. At this age, toddlers are highly active and curious, which increases their likelihood of encountering dangerous situations. Parents should be educated on how to childproof their home and supervise their toddlers closely to reduce the risk of injuries.
Why other options are wrong
A. Exposure to secondhand smoke
While secondhand smoke exposure can be harmful, it is not as immediate or common a risk for toddlers as unintentional injuries. However, parents should still be encouraged to avoid smoking around children.
B. Lead poisoning
Lead poisoning is a concern for toddlers, especially in older homes with lead-based paint. However, it is less common than unintentional injuries, and other sources of lead exposure may be more specific.
D. Childhood obesity
Although childhood obesity is a growing concern, it is not as prominent in toddlers as in older children. Obesity-related health risks are more common as children grow older and their eating habits become more established.
A nurse is providing education to a group of adolescents about sexually transmitted infections (STIs). After the session, a 16-year-old boy approaches the nurse and asks which STI testing he should consider. Which of the following responses is most appropriate for the nurse to give
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It's important to get tested for STIs if you have multiple partners
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You should only get tested if you have symptoms.
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Testing is not necessary if you are using condoms.
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You can wait until you are older to get tested.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. It's important to get tested for STIs if you have multiple partners.
Explanation
STI testing is essential for sexually active individuals, particularly those with multiple partners, regardless of whether they have symptoms. The nurse's response aligns with best practices in sexual health, which emphasize the importance of regular STI testing for prevention and early detection, especially in adolescents who may be at higher risk due to multiple partners.
Why other options are wrong
B. You should only get tested if you have symptoms.
This response is incorrect because STIs can often be asymptomatic. It is important for sexually active individuals to get tested regularly, even if they do not experience symptoms, to prevent the spread of infections and ensure their health.
C. Testing is not necessary if you are using condoms.
While condoms can reduce the risk of STI transmission, they do not provide 100% protection against all infections (e.g., herpes or human papillomavirus). Regular STI testing remains important, even for those using condoms.
D. You can wait until you are older to get tested.
This advice is inappropriate because early and regular testing is vital for sexually active individuals, regardless of their age. Delaying testing can lead to undiagnosed infections and complications.
When administering nasal drops to a preschool-aged child, the nurse should position the child and adjust the nasal passage by tilting the head in which of the following directions
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Forward
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Backward
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To the side
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Straight up
Explanation
Correct Answer B. Backward
Explanation
For a preschool-aged child, the nurse should tilt the child’s head backward to properly administer nasal drops. This position helps the medication to be distributed effectively in the nasal passage and reach the sinuses, making it easier for the medication to be absorbed.
Why other options are wrong
A. Forward
Tilting the head forward is not recommended for nasal drops as it may cause the drops to fall out of the nose or prevent the medication from reaching the correct area in the nasal passage.
C. To the side
Tilting the head to the side is not effective for nasal drops because it does not allow for optimal distribution of the medication across the nasal passages and sinuses.
D. Straight up
Tilting the head straight up may lead to the nasal drops running down the back of the throat rather than staying in the nasal passages, which reduces their effectiveness.
A nurse is about to give a liquid medication to a 9-month-old infant who is fussy and moving around. Which of the following techniques should the nurse use to ensure safe administration and reduce the risk of choking
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Administer the medication while the infant is lying flat on their back
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Use a dropper to place the medication directly onto the infant's tongue
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Give the medication in a cup to encourage the infant to drink it
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Administer the medication with a syringe placed in the side of the mouth
Explanation
Correct Answer D. Administer the medication with a syringe placed in the side of the mouth.
Explanation
Administering medication using a syringe placed in the side of the mouth, between the cheek and gums, is the safest method for infants. This technique allows the nurse to control the medication flow and prevents choking or aspiration. It also reduces the risk of the infant spitting out the medication.
Why other options are wrong
A. Administer the medication while the infant is lying flat on their back.
Lying flat increases the risk of aspiration, as the infant's airway may not be fully open, making it harder for them to swallow the medication safely. Infants should be in a more upright position when receiving medication to reduce choking risks.
B. Use a dropper to place the medication directly onto the infant's tongue.
Placing medication directly on the infant's tongue can lead to them spitting it out, and it may increase the risk of aspiration. A syringe placed in the side of the mouth is more controlled and effective.
C. Give the medication in a cup to encourage the infant to drink it.
At 9 months old, most infants are not developmentally ready to drink from a cup independently, and they may spill the medication or fail to swallow the full dose. A syringe is a more reliable method for administering liquid medication.
When planning a parenting class, the nurse should explain that the leading cause of death in children 1 to 4 years of age in the United States is
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Premature birth
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Congenital anomalies
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Accidental death
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Respiratory tract illness
Explanation
Correct Answer C. Accidental death
Explanation
Accidental death is the leading cause of death in children aged 1 to 4 in the United States. Common causes include motor vehicle accidents, drowning, and falls. While congenital anomalies and respiratory tract illnesses are significant health concerns, they do not represent the leading cause of death for this age group.
Why other options are wrong
A. Premature birth
Premature birth is a leading cause of death in infants, but not in children aged 1 to 4. This is more relevant in the neonatal period.
B. Congenital anomalies
Congenital anomalies are a leading cause of death in infants, but by the age of 1, these causes decrease as children grow older and are more likely to experience accidental deaths.
D. Respiratory tract illness
Respiratory tract illness is a common cause of morbidity in young children, but it is not the leading cause of death in this age group.
The nurse is calculating the total intake for her client over a four-hour period. The client has an IV solution infusing at 125 cc/hr. Oral intake includes 8 ounces of water, 1 cup of tea, and 5 ounces of clear broth. What is the patient's total intake over four hours
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830 ml
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1130 ml
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1270 cc
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9030 cc
Explanation
Correct Answer
B. 1130 ml
Explanation
First, calculate the total IV intake over the 4-hour period:
125 cc/hr × 4 hours = 500 cc.
Next, convert the oral intake to milliliters:
8 ounces of water = 240 ml
1 cup of tea = 240 ml
5 ounces of clear broth = 150 ml
Total oral intake = 240 ml + 240 ml + 150 ml = 630 ml.
Now, add the IV intake and oral intake:
500 ml (IV) + 630 ml (oral) = 1130 ml total intake.
Why other options are wrong
A. 830 ml
This is the total of the oral intake only, not including the IV intake. The total should include both the oral and IV intake.
C. 1270 cc
This is too high because it includes an overestimation of the total intake. The actual total intake is 1130 ml, which is correct after adding the oral and IV intake.
D. 9030 cc
This value is much too large and does not reflect the correct total intake based on the given data.
A nurse is preparing a presentation for parents regarding healthy eating habits for adolescents. Which of the following behaviors should the nurse highlight as a potential nutritional risk for this age group
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Consuming energy drinks regularly
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Eating meals primarily at fast-food restaurants
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Participating in family meals at least three times a week
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Drinking water instead of sugary beverages
Explanation
Correct Answer A: Consuming energy drinks regularly
Explanation
Consuming energy drinks regularly poses a nutritional risk to adolescents due to their high caffeine and sugar content, which can negatively impact their health, including increasing the risk for obesity, hypertension, and potential heart issues. Adolescents often consume these drinks to stay awake or boost energy, not recognizing the associated health risks. Therefore, this behavior should be highlighted as a potential risk.
Why other options are wrong
B. Eating meals primarily at fast-food restaurants
While fast-food meals are generally not the healthiest choice, the emphasis in this question is on energy drinks. Eating fast food occasionally may not be as risky as regular energy drink consumption, which can have immediate and long-term adverse effects.
C. Participating in family meals at least three times a week
This behavior is actually a positive one, as family meals help reinforce healthy eating patterns, improve communication, and reduce the likelihood of poor eating habits. It is not a risk but a beneficial practice.
D. Drinking water instead of sugary beverages
Drinking water instead of sugary beverages is a healthy practice that helps with hydration and reducing sugar intake, which is beneficial for overall health and not a risk.
A nurse is assessing an adolescent client. Which of the following behaviors would indicate that the adolescent has successfully navigated the developmental challenge of intimacy vs isolation
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Demonstrates the ability to maintain friendships
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Shows reluctance to engage in social activities
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Frequently changes peer groups
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Expresses feelings of loneliness
Explanation
Correct Answer A. Demonstrates the ability to maintain friendships
Explanation
Successfully navigating the developmental challenge of intimacy vs isolation involves forming and maintaining close, meaningful relationships with others. Demonstrating the ability to maintain friendships reflects a successful resolution of this stage, indicating that the adolescent can form stable, trusting bonds with peers.
Why other options are wrong
B. Shows reluctance to engage in social activities
Reluctance to engage in social activities may indicate difficulties with forming intimate connections or feeling isolated, which is the opposite of successfully navigating intimacy vs isolation.
C. Frequently changes peer groups
Frequent changes in peer groups may suggest difficulty in maintaining stable relationships, which could reflect challenges in developing intimacy and trust with others.
D. Expresses feelings of loneliness
Feelings of loneliness indicate difficulty in forming meaningful connections and could suggest unresolved challenges with intimacy, pointing to the experience of isolation rather than successful navigation of this stage.
Physician Order: Sulfisoxazole (Gastrsin) 1g. You have on hand Sulfisoxazole (Gastrsin) 250 mg per tablet. How many tablets do you administer
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2 tablets
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4 tablets
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0.5 tablet
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0.25 tablet
Explanation
Correct Answer A. 2 tablets
Explanation
To calculate how many tablets are needed, divide the prescribed dose (1g) by the dose per tablet (250 mg).
1g = 1000 mg
1000 mg ÷ 250 mg = 4 tablets
Therefore, the correct answer is 4 tablets.
Why other options are wrong
C. 0.5 tablet
A half tablet would only provide 125 mg, which is far less than the prescribed 1000 mg (1g). Therefore, this is incorrect.
D. 0.25 tablet
A quarter tablet would only provide 62.5 mg, which is also far less than the prescribed dose of 1000 mg. Therefore, this is incorrect.
B. 4 tablets
This is the correct option, providing the prescribed dose of 1000 mg (1g).
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