PHYS 2102 C876 Conceptual Physics
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Free PHYS 2102 C876 Conceptual Physics Questions
Explain how the change in internal energy is affected by the heat added to the system and the work done on the system.
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The change in internal energy increases with added heat and decreases with work done on the system.
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The change in internal energy decreases with added heat and increases with work done on the system.
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The change in internal energy is independent of heat and work.
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The change in internal energy is only affected by the work done on the system.
Explanation
Explanation:
According to the first law of thermodynamics, the change in internal energy ΔU of a system is given by ΔU=Q−W, where Q is the heat added to the system and W is the work done by the system on its surroundings. Heat added increases internal energy, while work done by the system reduces internal energy because energy is transferred out of the system. Therefore, the internal energy increases with heat input and decreases when the system does work.
Correct Answer:
The change in internal energy increases with added heat and decreases with work done on the system.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
The change in internal energy decreases with added heat and increases with work done on the system.
This is incorrect because adding heat raises internal energy, and work done by the system reduces it, not the opposite.
The change in internal energy is independent of heat and work.
This is incorrect because internal energy is directly affected by both heat transfer and work according to the first law of thermodynamics.
The change in internal energy is only affected by the work done on the system.
This is incorrect because heat transfer also affects internal energy; both heat and work must be considered.
Complete the following statement: The term heat most accurately describes
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the flow of energy resulting from a temperature difference.
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the molecular motion inside of an object.
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a measure of how hot or cold an object is.
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the internal energy of an object.
Explanation
Explanation:
Heat refers specifically to the transfer of energy between objects due to a temperature difference. It is energy in transit, not the energy contained within an object itself (which is internal energy) or a measure of temperature. When energy flows from a hot object to a colder one, that energy transfer is called heat.
Correct Answer:
the flow of energy resulting from a temperature difference.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
the molecular motion inside of an object
This is incorrect because molecular motion relates to internal energy or kinetic energy of particles, not to heat, which is energy in transit.
a measure of how hot or cold an object is
This is incorrect because this describes temperature, not heat. Temperature is a scalar measure of thermal state, while heat is energy transfer.
the internal energy of an object
This is incorrect because internal energy is the total energy stored within an object’s molecules, whereas heat specifically refers to energy moving between objects due to temperature differences.
What is the formula used to calculate the distance fallen by an object in free fall near the Earth's surface?
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d = vt
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d = 1/2 gt2
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d = gt
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d = v2/2g
Explanation
Explanation:
The distance an object falls in free fall near the Earth’s surface, starting from rest, is calculated using the formula d = 12gt2, where g is the acceleration due to gravity and t is the time elapsed. This formula comes from the kinematic equation for uniformly accelerated motion, where the initial velocity is zero, and it accounts for the constant acceleration of gravity acting on the object.
Correct Answer:
d = 1/2 gt2
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
d = vt
This is incorrect because this formula applies to motion at constant velocity, not accelerated motion. Free fall involves constant acceleration due to gravity, so the distance depends on the square of the time, not just the product of velocity and time.
d = gt
This is incorrect because it incorrectly treats the acceleration as a distance rather than incorporating the time squared factor. Distance under constant acceleration grows with the square of time, not linearly.
d = v2/2g
This is incorrect because this formula calculates the distance based on final velocity, not time. While it is derived from kinematic equations, it is not the standard formula for distance fallen as a function of time.
If a sound wave has a wavelength of 2 meters and then changes to a wavelength of 1 meter, what can be inferred about the change in frequency of that sound wave?
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The frequency remains the same.
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The frequency decreases by half.
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The frequency doubles.
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The frequency becomes zero.
Explanation
Explanation:
The speed of sound in a given medium is constant, so the relationship between wave speed v, frequency f, and wavelength λ is v = fλ. If the wavelength decreases from 2 meters to 1 meter while the speed of sound remains constant, the frequency must increase to maintain v. Specifically, halving the wavelength doubles the frequency, since f=v/λ. This shows that the sound waves will oscillate faster as the wavelength shortens.
Correct Answer:
The frequency doubles.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
The frequency remains the same.
This is incorrect because a change in wavelength at constant speed requires a corresponding change in frequency.
The frequency decreases by half.
This is incorrect because decreasing the wavelength while keeping the speed constant increases the frequency, not decreases it.
The frequency becomes zero.
This is incorrect because the wave is still propagating; zero frequency would imply no oscillations, which is not the case.
Which of the following is best described by Newton's third law
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Unbelted passengers will be thrown forward when a car stops suddenly
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A gun recoils when shot
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The acceleration of an object when a force is applied depends on the mass of an object
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The weight of an object varies from planet to planet
Explanation
Explanation:
Newton’s third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When a gun is fired, the bullet moves forward due to the force exerted by the expanding gases, and the gun recoils backward with equal and opposite force. This exemplifies action and reaction forces acting on two different objects, which is the essence of Newton’s third law.
Correct Answer:
A gun recoils when shot
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Unbelted passengers will be thrown forward when a car stops suddenly
This is incorrect because this is an example of inertia (Newton’s first law), not action-reaction. The passengers continue moving forward due to their inertia when the car stops.
The acceleration of an object when a force is applied depends on the mass of an object
This is incorrect because this describes Newton’s second law, F = ma, not the third law of equal and opposite forces.
The weight of an object varies from planet to planet
This is incorrect because this relates to gravitational force differences, not action-reaction forces. Weight variation depends on the local gravitational field, not Newton’s third law.
If a 6 kg object experiences a frictional force of 15 Newtons and is accelerating at 5 m/s², what is the total force acting on the object?
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15 N
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30 N
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45 N
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75 N
Explanation
Explanation:
The total force acting on an object can be calculated using Newton’s second law: Fnet=ma, where mm is mass and aa is acceleration. Here, Fnet=6 × 5 = 30N. Since there is also a frictional force of 15 N opposing the motion, the total applied force Ftotal must overcome friction in addition to producing the acceleration: Ftotal=Fnet+Ffriction=30 + 15 = 45 N. Therefore, the total force acting on the object is 45 N.
Correct Answer:
45 N
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
15 N
This is incorrect because 15 N represents only the frictional force and does not account for the force needed to accelerate the object.
30 N
This is incorrect because 30 N represents the net force required for acceleration but does not include the frictional force opposing motion.
75 N
This is incorrect because 75 N overestimates the force. Adding friction and net force gives 45 N, not 75 N.
____ contain 2 protons and 2 neutrons
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Alpha Particles
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Beta Particles
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Gamma Rays
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X-Rays
Explanation
Explanation:
Alpha particles consist of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, which is equivalent to a helium-4 nucleus. They are emitted in certain types of radioactive decay and are relatively heavy and positively charged. Beta particles are high-energy electrons or positrons, gamma rays are high-energy electromagnetic radiation, and X-rays are another form of electromagnetic radiation. Only alpha particles contain both protons and neutrons in this specific configuration.
Correct Answer:
Alpha Particles
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Beta Particles
This is incorrect because beta particles are electrons or positrons and do not contain protons or neutrons. They are much lighter and negatively or positively charged.
Gamma Rays
This is incorrect because gamma rays are photons, which are massless electromagnetic radiation with no protons or neutrons.
X-Rays
This is incorrect because X-rays are also electromagnetic radiation without mass or charge, containing no protons or neutrons.
What is the term used to describe the process by which a neutral object becomes charged without direct contact with a charged object?
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Induction
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Conduction
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Convection
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Insulation
Explanation
Explanation:
Induction is the process by which a neutral object acquires a charge due to the influence of a nearby charged object without direct contact. The electric field from the charged object causes the redistribution of charges within the neutral object, creating regions of positive and negative charge. This allows the neutral object to become polarized or even obtain a net charge if grounded, all without physically touching the charged object.
Correct Answer:
Induction
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Conduction
This is incorrect because conduction requires direct contact between a charged object and a neutral object to transfer charge.
Convection
This is incorrect because convection refers to the transfer of heat through fluid motion, not the transfer of electrical charge.
Insulation
This is incorrect because insulation refers to materials that resist the flow of electric charge, and does not describe the process of charging an object.
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon when two waves meet and combine their amplitudes?
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Interference
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Diffraction
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Refraction
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Reflection
Explanation
Explanation:
The phenomenon where two waves meet and combine their amplitudes is called interference. Interference occurs when waves overlap, resulting in either constructive interference, where amplitudes add to produce a larger wave, or destructive interference, where amplitudes partially or completely cancel each other. This principle is fundamental in wave physics and explains various patterns observed in sound, light, and water waves.
Correct Answer:
Interference
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Diffraction
This is incorrect because diffraction refers to the bending of waves around obstacles or through openings, not the combination of wave amplitudes.
Refraction
This is incorrect because refraction describes the change in direction of a wave as it passes from one medium to another with different speed, not the superposition of waves.
Reflection
This is incorrect because reflection is the bouncing back of a wave from a surface, not the process of combining amplitudes of two interacting waves.
An object is in circular motion. How will the object behave if the centripetal force is removed?
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It would move in a line away from the circle's center.
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It would move in a line toward the circle's center.
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It would move in a curved, circular path.
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It would move in a line tangent to the circular path.
Explanation
Explanation:
An object in circular motion is continuously accelerated toward the center of the circle by the centripetal force. If this force is removed, there is no longer an inward acceleration, and the object will continue in motion according to Newton’s first law of motion. This means it will move in a straight line in the direction of its instantaneous velocity at the moment the force is removed, which is tangent to the circular path.
Correct Answer:
It would move in a line tangent to the circular path.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
It would move in a line away from the circle's center.
This is incorrect because the object’s motion is not directly away from the center; it follows the direction of its velocity at the instant the centripetal force is removed, which is tangent to the path, not radial.
It would move in a line toward the circle's center.
This is incorrect because without the centripetal force, there is no inward acceleration. The object cannot move toward the center on its own, so this does not occur.
It would move in a curved, circular path.
This is incorrect because maintaining a circular path requires a centripetal force. Without it, the object cannot continue in a circular trajectory and instead moves in a straight line tangent to the previous path.
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