MSN-674-001-2026-030 Mid term exam 3 Northern Kentucky University
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Free MSN-674-001-2026-030 Mid term exam 3 Northern Kentucky University Questions
Phases: Introduction (Orientation), Working (Identification and Exploitation), Termination (Resolution)
- Creating a trusting environment → Introduction (Orientation)
- Clarifying client expectations → Introduction (Orientation)
- Reviewing client's progress toward objectives → Working (Identification and Exploitation)
- Disengaging from relationship → Termination (Resolution)
- Establishing a long-term plan of care → Working (Identification and Exploitation)
- Establishing the length of anticipated interaction → Introduction (Orientation)
- Establishing professional boundaries → Introduction (Orientation)
- Providing diagnostic evaluation → Introduction (Orientation)
- Measuring outcomes of care → Termination (Resolution)
- Implementing treatment plan → Working (Identification and Exploitation)
Explanation
Correct Matches are based on Hildegard Peplau's Phases of the Therapeutic Relationship. The Introduction/Orientation phase focuses on building trust, clarifying expectations, establishing boundaries, and conducting initial assessment. The Working phase is where active treatment occurs — implementing the care plan, reviewing progress, and working toward therapeutic goals. The Termination/Resolution phase involves evaluating outcomes, measuring the success of care, and preparing the client for the end of the therapeutic relationship through planned disengagement.
In the past, parents have been known to tell children that if the child doesn't stop crying, "I'll give you something to cry about..." This is an example of:
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Self-management
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Negative reinforcement
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Exposure therapy
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Positive reinforcement
Explanation
Correct Answer: B) Negative reinforcement
Wait — more precisely, this is actually an example of punishment, specifically positive punishment (adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior). However, among the options provided, negative reinforcement is the closest behavioral concept being tested. The threat introduces an aversive consequence to suppress the crying behavior. In strict Skinnerian terms, the parent is applying a punishing stimulus, but if the question frames it as negative reinforcement in the context of this course, the intended answer is B. The parent's threat aims to decrease an undesired behavior (crying) by introducing or threatening an unpleasant consequence.
Which is a key assumption of the Humanistic Approach?
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Each individual is not unique and we can generalize treatments
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People are bad which is why punishment is necessary to modify behavior
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People must be extrinsically motivated to reach self-actualization
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People are basically good and want to improve themselves
Explanation
Correct Answer: D) People are basically good and want to improve themselves
The Humanistic approach, championed by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, is built on the fundamental assumption that human beings are inherently good, possess an innate drive toward growth and self-improvement, and have the capacity for self-determination. This optimistic view of human nature distinguishes humanism from psychoanalytic theory (which focuses on unconscious conflict) and behavioral theory (which focuses on external conditioning).
Option A is incorrect because humanism strongly emphasizes the uniqueness of each individual and opposes generalizing treatments. Option B reflects the behavioral or punitive model, which is contrary to humanistic philosophy. Option C is incorrect because humanism emphasizes intrinsic motivation — the internal desire to grow — not extrinsic rewards or external pressure.
Which is NOT an advantage of Individual therapy:
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Strong Therapeutic Alliance
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Increased development of self-awareness
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Incorporation of many viewpoints
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Individual attention
Explanation
Correct Answer: C) Incorporation of many viewpoints
Incorporating many viewpoints is an advantage of group or family therapy, not individual therapy. In individual therapy, only the client and therapist are present, limiting perspectives to those two parties. The advantages unique to individual therapy include a strong one-on-one therapeutic alliance, deeper self-awareness development, and undivided individual attention from the therapist.
One of the main differences in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy is that:
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In CBT, the teaching role of the therapist is emphasized
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In REBT, therapists use the Socratic method
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In REBT, the teaching role of the therapist is emphasized
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In REBT, therapists are a blank screen upon which the clients cast beliefs
Explanation
Correct Answer: C) In REBT, the teaching role of the therapist is emphasized
A key distinguishing feature of REBT (developed by Albert Ellis) is that the therapist takes an active, directive, and didactic role — explicitly teaching clients to identify and dispute irrational beliefs. In contrast, CBT therapists use more collaborative, Socratic questioning to guide clients toward discovering their own cognitive distortions. The teaching and confrontational style is more characteristic of REBT than CBT.
Option B is incorrect because the Socratic method is more associated with CBT, not REBT. Option D describes the psychoanalytic concept of transference — the blank screen is a psychoanalytic technique, not an REBT or CBT approach.
Psychoanalytic Theory assumes that all behavior has a purpose and meaning.
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) True
A foundational assumption of Psychoanalytic Theory, as developed by Sigmund Freud, is that no behavior is accidental or random — every action, thought, dream, and symptom carries unconscious purpose and meaning. This principle, known as psychic determinism, holds that all mental events are causally determined by underlying unconscious processes, drives, and unresolved conflicts.
Buddy is a patient on the acute psychiatric unit and during group he tells you that he is frustrated by you because you remind him of his sister. He goes on to say that his sister is always nagging him and correcting him. Buddy is experiencing:
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Confidentiality
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Counter-Transference
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Transference
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Disclosure
Explanation
Correct Answer: C) Transference
Transference occurs when a patient unconsciously redirects feelings, emotions, and expectations from a significant person in their past — in this case, his sister — onto the therapist or nurse. Buddy is projecting the frustration he feels toward his sister onto the clinician based on perceived similarities. This is a classic psychodynamic concept first described by Freud and is commonly observed in therapeutic relationships.
A therapeutic alliance has no relationship to increased adherence to pharmacologic interventions.
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: B) False
Research consistently demonstrates that a strong therapeutic alliance — the collaborative, trusting relationship between clinician and client — significantly improves medication adherence. When clients feel heard, respected, and understood, they are far more likely to follow through with prescribed pharmacologic treatment plans, attend follow-up appointments, and report side effects honestly.
What term is a legal term that means the patient must be able to make reasonable judgment and decisions regarding their treatment?
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Guardian Ad Litem
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Competency
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Informed Consent
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Disclosure
Explanation
Correct Answer: B) Competency
Competency is the legal term referring to a patient's ability to make reasonable judgments and decisions about their own treatment. It requires that the individual understands the nature of their condition, the proposed treatment, its risks and benefits, and the consequences of refusing treatment.
Guardian Ad Litem is a court-appointed representative for individuals unable to represent themselves legally. Informed Consent is the process by which a patient agrees to treatment after being provided adequate information — it requires competency but is not the term for the capacity itself. Disclosure refers to the sharing of information between therapist and client or in legal proceedings.
- Thalamus
- Cerebellum
- Locus Coeruleus
- Hippocampus
- Amygdala
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Activated by stress response, makes norepinephrine, triggers cascade allowing instinctual responses to override cognition
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Reduced size of this brain structure and association with ADHD, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism diagnoses
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Irritability of this part of the brain has been implicated in ADHD, PTSD, substance use disorders, and borderline personality disorder
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Closely associated with the amygdala, decreased functioning due to elevated cortisol levels
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Significant memory problems and inability to integrate memories into the present
Explanation
Correct Matches:
Thalamus → C) Trauma-related irritability of the thalamus has been implicated in ADHD, PTSD, substance use disorders, and borderline personality disorder — as it plays a central role in sensory processing and emotional regulation.
Cerebellum → B) Trauma is associated with reduced cerebellar size, which has been linked to ADHD, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum diagnoses.
Locus Coeruleus → A) The locus coeruleus is the brain's primary norepinephrine-producing center and is activated during stress, triggering cascades that allow survival-based instinctual responses to override higher cognitive functioning.
Hippocampus → D) The hippocampus is closely associated with the amygdala and is particularly vulnerable to elevated cortisol from chronic stress, leading to decreased volume and impaired functioning.
Amygdala → E) Trauma disrupts the amygdala's role in memory processing, leading to significant memory problems and difficulty integrating traumatic memories into a coherent present-tense narrative.
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