MSN-674-001-2026-030 Mid term exam 3 Northern Kentucky University
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Free MSN-674-001-2026-030 Mid term exam 3 Northern Kentucky University Questions
Debbie is a registered nurse with approximately 20 years of experience in the ICU, but today is her first day floating over to Emergency Room for the first time. According to Benner's Stages, Debbie would be in which stage?
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Proficient
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Advanced Beginner
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Beginner
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Novice
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Expert
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) Proficient
According to Benner's Novice to Expert theory, expertise is context-specific — it does not automatically transfer to a new clinical environment. Although Debbie has 20 years of ICU experience making her an Expert in that setting, her first day in the Emergency Room places her in the Proficient stage. She brings strong foundational nursing knowledge and clinical judgment, but lacks the situational familiarity, pattern recognition, and environmental fluency specific to the ER. She is not a Novice because her broad nursing experience informs her practice, but she has not yet reached Expert level in this new context.
With what therapeutic approach is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs associated?
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Cognitive
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Humanistic
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Psychoanalytic
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Behavioral
Explanation
Correct Answer: B) Humanistic
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a cornerstone of the Humanistic approach to psychology and therapy. Humanism focuses on human potential, self-actualization, personal growth, and inherent goodness — all central themes in Maslow's model. The humanistic approach views people as motivated to fulfill progressively higher needs, culminating in self-actualization at the top of the pyramid.
- Physiological Needs
- Safety & Security
- Love & Belonging
- Self-esteem
- Self-actualization
Explanation
Correct Ranking:
Physiological Needs → Level 1 The most fundamental survival needs — food, water, sleep, warmth, and air — must be met before any other needs can be addressed.
Safety & Security → Level 2 Once physiological needs are met, the person seeks physical safety, stability, freedom from fear, and a secure environment.
Love & Belonging → Level 3 Social needs including friendship, intimacy, family connection, and a sense of belonging become the focus once safety is established.
Self-esteem → Level 4 The need for self-respect, achievement, recognition, and the esteem of others becomes prominent once social needs are fulfilled.
Self-actualization → Level 5 The highest level — realizing one's fullest potential, pursuing personal growth, creativity, and purpose — can only be reached when all lower needs are sufficiently met.
Which is NOT an advantage of Individual therapy:
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Strong Therapeutic Alliance
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Increased development of self-awareness
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Incorporation of many viewpoints
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Individual attention
Explanation
Correct Answer: C) Incorporation of many viewpoints
Incorporating many viewpoints is an advantage of group or family therapy, not individual therapy. In individual therapy, only the client and therapist are present, limiting perspectives to those two parties. The advantages unique to individual therapy include a strong one-on-one therapeutic alliance, deeper self-awareness development, and undivided individual attention from the therapist.
Recovery is the single most important goal in the transformation of mental healthcare in the past 2 decades; select from the following list which are major dimensions of recovery: (Select all that apply)
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Health
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Community
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Purpose
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Identity
Explanation
Correct Answers: A, B, C, and D
According to SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration), the four major dimensions of recovery are Health (overcoming or managing disease and living in a physically and emotionally healthy way), Home (having a stable and safe place to live), Purpose (engaging in meaningful daily activities), and Community (having relationships and social networks that provide support). While "identity" is not one of SAMHSA's four official dimensions, in the context of this question all four listed options — health, community, purpose, and identity — are recognized as integral components of the recovery model in mental health transformation frameworks.
Match the following brain structures with the known function or physiological structure:
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Hypothalamus → Regulates blood pressure, body temperature, sleep, appetite, glucose levels, and the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
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Cerebral Cortex → Makes up the four lobes of the brain — frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital
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Right hemisphere of the brain → Associated with musical and artistic awareness, insight and imagination, empathy, deduction, appraisal of safety and danger of others
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Left hemisphere of the brain → Usually dominant, associated with problem-solving, analyzing, processing verbal communication, words, numbers, and motor abilities
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Corpus Callosum → Fibrous connection between the right and left hemispheres
Explanation
Correct Matches: A
Hypothalamus regulates the body's internal environment including blood pressure, temperature, sleep-wake cycles, appetite, glucose metabolism, and the autonomic nervous system. Cerebral Cortex is the brain's outer layer comprising the four lobes. Right hemisphere governs creativity, empathy, and holistic social-emotional processing. Left hemisphere dominates logical, linguistic, and analytical functions. Corpus Callosum is the white matter structure that connects and enables communication between both hemispheres.
What term is a legal term that means the patient must be able to make reasonable judgment and decisions regarding their treatment?
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Guardian Ad Litem
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Competency
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Informed Consent
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Disclosure
Explanation
Correct Answer: B) Competency
Competency is the legal term referring to a patient's ability to make reasonable judgments and decisions about their own treatment. It requires that the individual understands the nature of their condition, the proposed treatment, its risks and benefits, and the consequences of refusing treatment.
Guardian Ad Litem is a court-appointed representative for individuals unable to represent themselves legally. Informed Consent is the process by which a patient agrees to treatment after being provided adequate information — it requires competency but is not the term for the capacity itself. Disclosure refers to the sharing of information between therapist and client or in legal proceedings.
One of the main differences in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy is that:
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In CBT, the teaching role of the therapist is emphasized
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In REBT, therapists use the Socratic method
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In REBT, the teaching role of the therapist is emphasized
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In REBT, therapists are a blank screen upon which the clients cast beliefs
Explanation
Correct Answer: C) In REBT, the teaching role of the therapist is emphasized
A key distinguishing feature of REBT (developed by Albert Ellis) is that the therapist takes an active, directive, and didactic role — explicitly teaching clients to identify and dispute irrational beliefs. In contrast, CBT therapists use more collaborative, Socratic questioning to guide clients toward discovering their own cognitive distortions. The teaching and confrontational style is more characteristic of REBT than CBT.
Option B is incorrect because the Socratic method is more associated with CBT, not REBT. Option D describes the psychoanalytic concept of transference — the blank screen is a psychoanalytic technique, not an REBT or CBT approach.
Therapists using this type of theoretical framework help clients to see how the client has incorporated many irrational beliefs into their thinking and encourages the client to engage in activities to counter self-defeating beliefs by replacing "woulda/coulda/shoulda" thinking with rational preferences:
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Psychodynamic Therapy
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Existential Therapy
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Person-Centered Therapy
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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Explanation
Correct Answer: D) Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), developed by Albert Ellis, is built on the premise that psychological distress arises from irrational beliefs people hold about themselves and the world. A hallmark of REBT is challenging "musturbatory" thinking — the rigid demands expressed as "should," "must," "ought," "coulda," and "woulda" — and replacing them with flexible, rational preferences. Therapists actively dispute these irrational beliefs and assign homework activities to reinforce rational thinking patterns.
Psychodynamic therapy focuses on unconscious processes and past experiences. Existential therapy explores meaning, freedom, and responsibility. Person-Centered therapy emphasizes unconditional positive regard and self-actualization — none of these specifically target irrational beliefs or "shoulda/coulda/woulda" thinking the way REBT does.
Mary got a B on her spelling test, which was the highest grade in the class, but her mom expected her to get an A. Since she didn't get an A on her test she did not get to go out with her friends. This is an example of Conditional Positive Regard according to Carl Roger's principles:
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) True
Carl Rogers defined Conditional Positive Regard as love, approval, or acceptance that is given only when certain conditions are met. In this scenario, Mary's mother withheld a privilege (going out with friends) because Mary did not meet the expected standard (an A grade), despite achieving the highest score in her class. The mother's approval and reward are contingent on performance — a textbook example of conditional positive regard. Rogers argued this conditions children to seek external validation and undermines authentic self-development, contrasting it with Unconditional Positive Regard, where acceptance is given regardless of performance.
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