MSN-674-001-2026-030 Mid term exam 3 Northern Kentucky University
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Free MSN-674-001-2026-030 Mid term exam 3 Northern Kentucky University Questions
1. In transitioning from Expert to Novice it is helpful to do which of the following:
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View your new domain as a new role
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Focus on a "to do" list
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Identify a mentor
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Detach from previous role and embrace being a novice
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B, C, & D
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer: E) B, C, & D
When an expert clinician transitions into a new area where they are essentially a novice, three strategies are particularly helpful. Focusing on a structured "to do" list provides direction and reduces overwhelm in an unfamiliar environment. Identifying a mentor gives the transitioning nurse guidance, support, and a reliable knowledge resource in the new setting. Detaching from the previous expert role and embracing the novice identity is psychologically essential — clinging to expert status in an unfamiliar domain can lead to unsafe practice and resistance to learning.
Option A is incorrect because viewing the new domain merely as a "new role" is insufficient — the key is actively embracing the novice mindset and letting go of the expert identity from the previous setting.
Correct Answer: E) B, C, & D
When an expert clinician transitions into a new area where they are essentially a novice, three strategies are particularly helpful. Focusing on a structured "to do" list provides direction and reduces overwhelm in an unfamiliar environment. Identifying a mentor gives the transitioning nurse guidance, support, and a reliable knowledge resource in the new setting. Detaching from the previous expert role and embracing the novice identity is psychologically essential — clinging to expert status in an unfamiliar domain can lead to unsafe practice and resistance to learning.
Option A is incorrect because viewing the new domain merely as a "new role" is insufficient — the key is actively embracing the novice mindset and letting go of the expert identity from the previous setting.
2. In the past, parents have been known to tell children that if the child doesn't stop crying, "I'll give you something to cry about..." This is an example of:
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Self-management
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Negative reinforcement
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Exposure therapy
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Positive reinforcement
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer: B) Negative reinforcement
Wait — more precisely, this is actually an example of punishment, specifically positive punishment (adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior). However, among the options provided, negative reinforcement is the closest behavioral concept being tested. The threat introduces an aversive consequence to suppress the crying behavior. In strict Skinnerian terms, the parent is applying a punishing stimulus, but if the question frames it as negative reinforcement in the context of this course, the intended answer is B. The parent's threat aims to decrease an undesired behavior (crying) by introducing or threatening an unpleasant consequence.
Correct Answer: B) Negative reinforcement
Wait — more precisely, this is actually an example of punishment, specifically positive punishment (adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior). However, among the options provided, negative reinforcement is the closest behavioral concept being tested. The threat introduces an aversive consequence to suppress the crying behavior. In strict Skinnerian terms, the parent is applying a punishing stimulus, but if the question frames it as negative reinforcement in the context of this course, the intended answer is B. The parent's threat aims to decrease an undesired behavior (crying) by introducing or threatening an unpleasant consequence.
3. Which therapeutic approach takes into account the need of the individual and accepts the therapeutic approach best for each individual?
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Behavioral
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Psychodynamic
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Cognitive
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Integrative/Holistic Approach
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer: D) Integrative/Holistic Approach
The Integrative/Holistic Approach is specifically designed to tailor therapy to the unique needs of each individual by drawing from multiple therapeutic modalities. Rather than adhering rigidly to one theoretical framework, integrative therapists assess the client holistically — considering psychological, social, biological, and spiritual dimensions — and select the most effective techniques from various approaches to best serve that particular client.
Behavioral, Psychodynamic, and Cognitive therapies each operate within their own defined theoretical frameworks and techniques, making them less flexible in accommodating the full range of individual client needs compared to the integrative model.
Correct Answer: D) Integrative/Holistic Approach
The Integrative/Holistic Approach is specifically designed to tailor therapy to the unique needs of each individual by drawing from multiple therapeutic modalities. Rather than adhering rigidly to one theoretical framework, integrative therapists assess the client holistically — considering psychological, social, biological, and spiritual dimensions — and select the most effective techniques from various approaches to best serve that particular client.
Behavioral, Psychodynamic, and Cognitive therapies each operate within their own defined theoretical frameworks and techniques, making them less flexible in accommodating the full range of individual client needs compared to the integrative model.
4. Which of Freud's psychosexual stages is associated with a time of socialization and building of peer relationships?
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Phallic
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Anal
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Latency
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Oral
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer: C) Latency
The Latency stage occurs approximately between ages 6 and 12, during which sexual impulses are repressed and the child's energy is redirected toward social, intellectual, and skill-building activities. This stage is characterized by the development of peer relationships, social skills, teamwork, and academic learning — making socialization its defining feature.
Correct Answer: C) Latency
The Latency stage occurs approximately between ages 6 and 12, during which sexual impulses are repressed and the child's energy is redirected toward social, intellectual, and skill-building activities. This stage is characterized by the development of peer relationships, social skills, teamwork, and academic learning — making socialization its defining feature.
5. With what therapeutic approach is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs associated?
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Cognitive
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Humanistic
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Psychoanalytic
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Behavioral
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer: B) Humanistic
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a cornerstone of the Humanistic approach to psychology and therapy. Humanism focuses on human potential, self-actualization, personal growth, and inherent goodness — all central themes in Maslow's model. The humanistic approach views people as motivated to fulfill progressively higher needs, culminating in self-actualization at the top of the pyramid.
Correct Answer: B) Humanistic
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a cornerstone of the Humanistic approach to psychology and therapy. Humanism focuses on human potential, self-actualization, personal growth, and inherent goodness — all central themes in Maslow's model. The humanistic approach views people as motivated to fulfill progressively higher needs, culminating in self-actualization at the top of the pyramid.
6. Match the therapeutic relationship phase to the correct nursing activity:
Phases: Introduction (Orientation), Working (Identification and Exploitation), Termination (Resolution)
- Creating a trusting environment → Introduction (Orientation)
- Clarifying client expectations → Introduction (Orientation)
- Reviewing client's progress toward objectives → Working (Identification and Exploitation)
- Disengaging from relationship → Termination (Resolution)
- Establishing a long-term plan of care → Working (Identification and Exploitation)
- Establishing the length of anticipated interaction → Introduction (Orientation)
- Establishing professional boundaries → Introduction (Orientation)
- Providing diagnostic evaluation → Introduction (Orientation)
- Measuring outcomes of care → Termination (Resolution)
- Implementing treatment plan → Working (Identification and Exploitation)
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Matches are based on Hildegard Peplau's Phases of the Therapeutic Relationship. The Introduction/Orientation phase focuses on building trust, clarifying expectations, establishing boundaries, and conducting initial assessment. The Working phase is where active treatment occurs — implementing the care plan, reviewing progress, and working toward therapeutic goals. The Termination/Resolution phase involves evaluating outcomes, measuring the success of care, and preparing the client for the end of the therapeutic relationship through planned disengagement.
Correct Matches are based on Hildegard Peplau's Phases of the Therapeutic Relationship. The Introduction/Orientation phase focuses on building trust, clarifying expectations, establishing boundaries, and conducting initial assessment. The Working phase is where active treatment occurs — implementing the care plan, reviewing progress, and working toward therapeutic goals. The Termination/Resolution phase involves evaluating outcomes, measuring the success of care, and preparing the client for the end of the therapeutic relationship through planned disengagement.
7. Jill is able to understand the concept of "You can lead a horse to water but you can't make him drink." What is, most likely, her age (according to Piaget)?
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5
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22
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12
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7
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer: C) 12
According to Piaget's stages of cognitive development, understanding abstract concepts, metaphors, and proverbs requires formal operational thinking, which begins around age 11–12. The saying "you can lead a horse to water but you can't make him drink" is an abstract metaphor meaning you cannot force someone to do something against their will. A child of 5 or 7 would be in the preoperational or concrete operational stage, where thinking is literal and they would interpret the statement as being literally about a horse. At age 12, the child has entered formal operations and can grasp the abstract, figurative meaning. Age 22 would also be correct neurologically, but 12 is the earliest and most precise developmental milestone according to Piaget.
Correct Answer: C) 12
According to Piaget's stages of cognitive development, understanding abstract concepts, metaphors, and proverbs requires formal operational thinking, which begins around age 11–12. The saying "you can lead a horse to water but you can't make him drink" is an abstract metaphor meaning you cannot force someone to do something against their will. A child of 5 or 7 would be in the preoperational or concrete operational stage, where thinking is literal and they would interpret the statement as being literally about a horse. At age 12, the child has entered formal operations and can grasp the abstract, figurative meaning. Age 22 would also be correct neurologically, but 12 is the earliest and most precise developmental milestone according to Piaget.
8. HIPAA is associated with:
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Privacy
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All of the above
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Confidentiality
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Insurance
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer: B) All of the above
HIPAA — the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act — encompasses all three concepts. It protects patient privacy by regulating how protected health information (PHI) can be used and disclosed. It ensures confidentiality by limiting access to patient information to authorized individuals only. It also addresses insurance by establishing standards for health insurance portability, coverage continuity, and administrative simplification in healthcare billing and data management. All three components are integral to what HIPAA governs.
Correct Answer: B) All of the above
HIPAA — the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act — encompasses all three concepts. It protects patient privacy by regulating how protected health information (PHI) can be used and disclosed. It ensures confidentiality by limiting access to patient information to authorized individuals only. It also addresses insurance by establishing standards for health insurance portability, coverage continuity, and administrative simplification in healthcare billing and data management. All three components are integral to what HIPAA governs.
9. Which theorist's approach is most commonly associated with the nursing process?
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Peplau
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Freud
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Frankl
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Yalom
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) Peplau
Hildegard Peplau is widely regarded as the "mother of psychiatric nursing" and her interpersonal relations theory is most directly associated with the nursing process. Peplau's framework — which outlines the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship through the phases of orientation, working, and termination — provided the foundational structure upon which the systematic nursing process (assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation) was built. Her work emphasized the nurse's role as a therapeutic agent and shaped modern nursing practice fundamentally.
Option B, Freud, is associated with psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theory. Option C, Frankl, is associated with logotherapy and existential meaning-making. Option D, Yalom, is associated with existential psychotherapy and group therapy — none of which are primarily linked to the nursing process.
Correct Answer: A) Peplau
Hildegard Peplau is widely regarded as the "mother of psychiatric nursing" and her interpersonal relations theory is most directly associated with the nursing process. Peplau's framework — which outlines the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship through the phases of orientation, working, and termination — provided the foundational structure upon which the systematic nursing process (assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation) was built. Her work emphasized the nurse's role as a therapeutic agent and shaped modern nursing practice fundamentally.
Option B, Freud, is associated with psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theory. Option C, Frankl, is associated with logotherapy and existential meaning-making. Option D, Yalom, is associated with existential psychotherapy and group therapy — none of which are primarily linked to the nursing process.
10. Clinical practice generates ________ and knowledge for ________ development.
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Research Questions; Theory
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Practice; Learning
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Theoretical Foundations; Research
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Theory; Research
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) Research Questions; Theory
Clinical practice generates research questions through real-world observations and client interactions, and the knowledge derived contributes to theory development. This reflects the cyclical relationship between practice and science — practitioners encounter phenomena that prompt inquiry, which then informs and refines theoretical frameworks in the field.
The other options either misrepresent the direction of this relationship or use terms that do not accurately complete the statement in a clinically meaningful way.
Correct Answer: A) Research Questions; Theory
Clinical practice generates research questions through real-world observations and client interactions, and the knowledge derived contributes to theory development. This reflects the cyclical relationship between practice and science — practitioners encounter phenomena that prompt inquiry, which then informs and refines theoretical frameworks in the field.
The other options either misrepresent the direction of this relationship or use terms that do not accurately complete the statement in a clinically meaningful way.
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