NKU MSN675 Psych Test 1.
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Free NKU MSN675 Psych Test 1. Questions
Mania is considered what type of condition?
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A medical emergency rendering cognitive disorder involving progressive memory decline
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A medical emergency involving a mood episode characterized by abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
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A medical emergency involving anxiety disorder marked by excessive worry and tension
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A personality disorder involving unstable interpersonal relationships
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (B) A medical emergency involving a mood episode characterized by abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
Mania is classified as a mood episode marked by abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, often accompanied by increased energy and impaired judgment. Due to the risk of dangerous behaviors and complications, severe mania is considered a medical emergency requiring prompt evaluation and treatment.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. A medical emergency rendering cognitive disorder involving progressive memory decline — This describes a neurocognitive disorder such as dementia, not mania.
C. A medical emergency involving anxiety disorder marked by excessive worry and tension — This describes generalized anxiety disorder, not mania.
D. A personality disorder involving unstable interpersonal relationships — This describes borderline personality disorder, not a mood episode like mania.
A clinician is assessing two older adult patients. Patient A provides incorrect answers to orientation questions with confidence and elaborates details that are not accurate. Patient B responds to the same questions by saying, "I don't know," and makes little effort to answer. Which interpretation best fits these findings?
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Patient A likely has major depressive disorder, and Patient B likely has pseudodementia
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Patient A likely has pseudodementia, and Patient B likely has major depressive disorder
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Both patients are demonstrating typical features of major depressive disorder
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Both patients are demonstrating typical features of pseudodementia
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (A) Patient A likely has major depressive disorder, and Patient B likely has pseudodementia
Patients with pseudodementia (cognitive impairment secondary to depression) classically respond with "I don't know" and put forth minimal effort, often highlighting their perceived deficits, as seen in Patient B. Patient A's confident confabulation of inaccurate details is a pattern more consistent with an underlying mood disturbance affecting cognitive performance while attempting to mask the impairment, which this question frames under major depressive disorder.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
B. Patient A likely has pseudodementia, and Patient B likely has major depressive disorder — This reverses the classic presentation pattern used to distinguish these two conditions.
C. Both patients are demonstrating typical features of major depressive disorder — This does not account for the distinctly different response patterns exhibited by each patient.
D. Both patients are demonstrating typical features of pseudodementia — This does not account for the distinctly different response patterns exhibited by each patient.
What is Trazodone commonly used for and what is a potential side-effect?
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Treating mania and thrombocytosis
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Improving sleep and priapism
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Enhancing cognition and causing bipolar disorder
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Treating psychosis and increasing insomnia
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (B) Improving sleep and priapism
Trazodone is commonly prescribed off-label at low doses to improve sleep due to its sedating properties. A rare but serious potential side effect is priapism, a prolonged and painful erection that requires immediate medical attention.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. Treating mania and thrombocytosis — Trazodone is not used to treat mania, and thrombocytosis is not a recognized side effect of this medication.
C. Enhancing cognition and causing bipolar disorder — Trazodone does not enhance cognition, and it does not cause bipolar disorder.
D. Treating psychosis and increasing insomnia — Trazodone is not used to treat psychosis, and it is sedating, which would decrease rather than increase insomnia.
Which of the following is NOT considered a mood disorder?
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Major depressive disorder
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Bipolar I disorder
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Bipolar II disorder
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Schizophrenia
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (D) Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is classified as a primary psychotic disorder, characterized by symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, rather than a mood disorder. Mood disorders are primarily defined by disturbances in mood, such as depression or mania.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. Major depressive disorder — This is classified as a mood disorder characterized by persistent low mood and related symptoms.
B. Bipolar I disorder — This is a mood disorder involving full manic episodes, often with depressive episodes as well.
C. Bipolar II disorder — This is a mood disorder involving hypomanic and major depressive episodes.
Which lifestyle factor is important in managing mood disorders?
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Avoiding exercise
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Maintaining regular exercise
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Increasing caffeine intake
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Sleeping irregular hours
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (B) Maintaining regular exercise
Regular physical activity has been shown to improve mood, reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, and support overall mental health, making it an important lifestyle factor in the management of mood disorders.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. Avoiding exercise — Avoiding exercise removes a beneficial, evidence-based lifestyle intervention for mood regulation.
C. Increasing caffeine intake — Excessive caffeine can worsen anxiety, disrupt sleep, and negatively affect mood stability, making it counterproductive for managing mood disorders.
D. Sleeping irregular hours — Irregular sleep patterns can disrupt circadian rhythms and worsen mood symptoms, making consistent sleep schedules important instead.
A 29-year-old patient in a manic episode reports that he has been chosen to control global financial markets and possesses "extraordinary powers" that allow him to influence world events. Which statement best reflects the clinical significance of these beliefs?
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These are mood-incongruent delusions and are uncommon in mania
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These are mood-congruent delusions, which frequently occur in manic episodes
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These beliefs indicate a primary psychotic disorder rather than mania
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Delusions are rare in mania and should prompt evaluation for substance use
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (B) These are mood-congruent delusions, which frequently occur in manic episodes
Grandiose delusions, such as believing one has extraordinary powers or special importance, align directly with the elevated, expansive mood characteristic of mania. Mood-congruent psychotic features like these are common during manic episodes and reflect the underlying grandiosity often seen in this mood state.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. These are mood-incongruent delusions and are uncommon in mania — Grandiose delusions are, in fact, mood-congruent with mania, and this type of delusional content is fairly common during manic episodes.
C. These beliefs indicate a primary psychotic disorder rather than mania — Grandiose delusions occurring within the context of a manic episode do not necessarily indicate a separate psychotic disorder; they can be a feature of severe mania itself.
D. Delusions are rare in mania and should prompt evaluation for substance use — Delusions, particularly grandiose ones, are not rare in severe manic episodes and do not automatically indicate substance use as the cause.
Which category best describes the Zung Scale, the Raskin Depression Scale, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)?
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy interventions
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Neuropsychological memory assessments
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Standardized depression rating scales
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Tools used exclusively for bipolar disorder screening
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (C) Standardized depression rating scales
The Zung Scale, Raskin Depression Scale, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) are all standardized, validated tools used to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms, aiding clinicians in diagnosis and monitoring treatment response.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. Cognitive-behavioral therapy interventions — These scales are assessment tools, not therapeutic interventions.
B. Neuropsychological memory assessments — These scales assess depressive symptoms, not memory or cognitive function.
D. Tools used exclusively for bipolar disorder screening — These scales are specifically designed to assess depressive symptoms, not to screen exclusively for bipolar disorder.
Which symptom profile most accurately reflects what is seen in the majority of patients with major depressive disorder?
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Increased energy with difficulty relaxing
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Markedly reduced energy and impaired task completion
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Excessive motivation to begin new activities
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Normal energy with occasional fatigue
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (B) Markedly reduced energy and impaired task completion
The majority of patients with major depressive disorder present with anergia (significantly reduced energy) and psychomotor changes that impair their ability to complete daily tasks. This is one of the most consistent and defining features across the depressive population, distinguishing it from atypical presentations.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. Increased energy with difficulty relaxing — This presentation is more consistent with anxiety or a hypomanic/manic state, not typical major depressive disorder.
C. Excessive motivation to begin new activities — This is inconsistent with depression, which typically involves decreased motivation and anhedonia rather than excessive drive.
D. Normal energy with occasional fatigue — This does not reflect the significant, persistent energy impairment that characterizes the majority of MDD presentations.
Which treatment classification is used for bipolar disorder as a mood stabilizer?
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Antipsychotics
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Stimulants
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Hypnotics
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Anticonvulsants
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (D) Anticonvulsants
Certain anticonvulsant medications, such as valproate and lamotrigine, are widely used as mood stabilizers in the treatment of bipolar disorder, helping to prevent and manage both manic and depressive episodes.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. Antipsychotics — While atypical antipsychotics are used in bipolar disorder, they are classified separately from the anticonvulsant mood stabilizer class specifically referenced here.
B. Stimulants — Stimulants are not used as mood stabilizers and would be inappropriate and potentially harmful in bipolar disorder due to the risk of triggering mania.
C. Hypnotics — Hypnotics are used to promote sleep and are not classified as mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder.
Which of the following is not recommended for sleep hygiene?
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Watching the clock
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Avoiding naps
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Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule
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Journaling before bed
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (A) Watching the clock
Watching the clock while trying to fall asleep increases anxiety about sleep and reinforces a negative association with bedtime, which can worsen insomnia. This behavior is discouraged as part of good sleep hygiene practices.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
B. Avoiding naps — Avoiding naps, particularly late in the day, is recommended to help consolidate nighttime sleep and is a positive sleep hygiene practice.
C. Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule — This is a core recommended sleep hygiene practice that helps regulate the body's internal clock.
D. Journaling before bed — This can help clear the mind of worries before sleep and is a recommended relaxation technique for good sleep hygiene.
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