NKU MSN675 Psych Test 1.
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Free NKU MSN675 Psych Test 1. Questions
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is best described as:
- A medication-based approach used to stabilize mood
- A structured, goal-oriented therapy that targets distorted thoughts and maladaptive behaviors
- A nondirective therapy focused solely on exploring childhood experiences
- A free-association technique used to uncover unconscious conflicts
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (B) A structured, goal-oriented therapy that targets distorted thoughts and maladaptive behaviors
Cognitive behavioral therapy is a structured, evidence-based psychotherapy that helps patients identify and modify distorted thought patterns and maladaptive behaviors, working toward specific, measurable therapeutic goals.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. A medication-based approach used to stabilize mood — CBT is a psychotherapeutic approach, not a medication-based treatment.
C. A nondirective therapy focused solely on exploring childhood experiences — This describes aspects of psychodynamic therapy, not the structured, present-focused approach of CBT.
D. A free-association technique used to uncover unconscious conflicts — This describes classical psychoanalysis, not cognitive behavioral therapy.
Mania is considered what type of condition?
- A medical emergency rendering cognitive disorder involving progressive memory decline
- A medical emergency involving a mood episode characterized by abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
- A medical emergency involving anxiety disorder marked by excessive worry and tension
- A personality disorder involving unstable interpersonal relationships
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (B) A medical emergency involving a mood episode characterized by abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
Mania is classified as a mood episode marked by abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, often accompanied by increased energy and impaired judgment. Due to the risk of dangerous behaviors and complications, severe mania is considered a medical emergency requiring prompt evaluation and treatment.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. A medical emergency rendering cognitive disorder involving progressive memory decline — This describes a neurocognitive disorder such as dementia, not mania.
C. A medical emergency involving anxiety disorder marked by excessive worry and tension — This describes generalized anxiety disorder, not mania.
D. A personality disorder involving unstable interpersonal relationships — This describes borderline personality disorder, not a mood episode like mania.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is used for:
- Depression without suicidality
- Acute mania
- Dementia
- Eating disorders
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (A) Depression without suicidality
Transcranial magnetic stimulation is an FDA-approved, noninvasive treatment used for treatment-resistant depression in patients who are not actively suicidal. It is typically considered after standard antidepressant therapies have failed to produce adequate improvement.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
B. Acute mania — TMS is not indicated for the treatment of acute manic episodes.
C. Dementia — TMS is not a standard or approved treatment for neurocognitive disorders such as dementia.
D. Eating disorders — TMS is not a first-line or standard treatment for eating disorders.
What is Trazodone commonly used for and what is a potential side-effect?
- Treating mania and thrombocytosis
- Improving sleep and priapism
- Enhancing cognition and causing bipolar disorder
- Treating psychosis and increasing insomnia
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (B) Improving sleep and priapism
Trazodone is commonly prescribed off-label at low doses to improve sleep due to its sedating properties. A rare but serious potential side effect is priapism, a prolonged and painful erection that requires immediate medical attention.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. Treating mania and thrombocytosis — Trazodone is not used to treat mania, and thrombocytosis is not a recognized side effect of this medication.
C. Enhancing cognition and causing bipolar disorder — Trazodone does not enhance cognition, and it does not cause bipolar disorder.
D. Treating psychosis and increasing insomnia — Trazodone is not used to treat psychosis, and it is sedating, which would decrease rather than increase insomnia.
Which of the following is not recommended for sleep hygiene?
- Watching the clock
- Avoiding naps
- Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule
- Journaling before bed
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (A) Watching the clock
Watching the clock while trying to fall asleep increases anxiety about sleep and reinforces a negative association with bedtime, which can worsen insomnia. This behavior is discouraged as part of good sleep hygiene practices.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
B. Avoiding naps — Avoiding naps, particularly late in the day, is recommended to help consolidate nighttime sleep and is a positive sleep hygiene practice.
C. Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule — This is a core recommended sleep hygiene practice that helps regulate the body's internal clock.
D. Journaling before bed — This can help clear the mind of worries before sleep and is a recommended relaxation technique for good sleep hygiene.
Which treatment classification is used for bipolar disorder as a mood stabilizer?
- Antipsychotics
- Stimulants
- Hypnotics
- Anticonvulsants
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (D) Anticonvulsants
Certain anticonvulsant medications, such as valproate and lamotrigine, are widely used as mood stabilizers in the treatment of bipolar disorder, helping to prevent and manage both manic and depressive episodes.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. Antipsychotics — While atypical antipsychotics are used in bipolar disorder, they are classified separately from the anticonvulsant mood stabilizer class specifically referenced here.
B. Stimulants — Stimulants are not used as mood stabilizers and would be inappropriate and potentially harmful in bipolar disorder due to the risk of triggering mania.
C. Hypnotics — Hypnotics are used to promote sleep and are not classified as mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder.
A 29-year-old patient in a manic episode reports that he has been chosen to control global financial markets and possesses "extraordinary powers" that allow him to influence world events. Which statement best reflects the clinical significance of these beliefs?
- These are mood-incongruent delusions and are uncommon in mania
- These are mood-congruent delusions, which frequently occur in manic episodes
- These beliefs indicate a primary psychotic disorder rather than mania
- Delusions are rare in mania and should prompt evaluation for substance use
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (B) These are mood-congruent delusions, which frequently occur in manic episodes
Grandiose delusions, such as believing one has extraordinary powers or special importance, align directly with the elevated, expansive mood characteristic of mania. Mood-congruent psychotic features like these are common during manic episodes and reflect the underlying grandiosity often seen in this mood state.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. These are mood-incongruent delusions and are uncommon in mania — Grandiose delusions are, in fact, mood-congruent with mania, and this type of delusional content is fairly common during manic episodes.
C. These beliefs indicate a primary psychotic disorder rather than mania — Grandiose delusions occurring within the context of a manic episode do not necessarily indicate a separate psychotic disorder; they can be a feature of severe mania itself.
D. Delusions are rare in mania and should prompt evaluation for substance use — Delusions, particularly grandiose ones, are not rare in severe manic episodes and do not automatically indicate substance use as the cause.
Which of the following is NOT a differential diagnosis for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?
- Bipolar disorder
- Hypothyroidism
- Bereavement
- Schizophrenia
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (D) Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a primary psychotic disorder with a distinct symptom profile centered on hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thought, making it clinically distinct from major depressive disorder and not typically considered in its differential diagnosis.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. Bipolar disorder — This must be ruled out in any depressive presentation, since depressive episodes can occur within bipolar disorder and require different treatment.
B. Hypothyroidism — This medical condition can mimic depressive symptoms such as fatigue and low mood, making it an important differential diagnosis to rule out.
C. Bereavement — Normal grief reactions can closely resemble depressive symptoms and must be differentiated from a major depressive episode.
Which lifestyle factor is important in managing mood disorders?
- Avoiding exercise
- Maintaining regular exercise
- Increasing caffeine intake
- Sleeping irregular hours
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (B) Maintaining regular exercise
Regular physical activity has been shown to improve mood, reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, and support overall mental health, making it an important lifestyle factor in the management of mood disorders.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. Avoiding exercise — Avoiding exercise removes a beneficial, evidence-based lifestyle intervention for mood regulation.
C. Increasing caffeine intake — Excessive caffeine can worsen anxiety, disrupt sleep, and negatively affect mood stability, making it counterproductive for managing mood disorders.
D. Sleeping irregular hours — Irregular sleep patterns can disrupt circadian rhythms and worsen mood symptoms, making consistent sleep schedules important instead.
Which category best describes the Zung Scale, the Raskin Depression Scale, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)?
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy interventions
- Neuropsychological memory assessments
- Standardized depression rating scales
- Tools used exclusively for bipolar disorder screening
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (C) Standardized depression rating scales
The Zung Scale, Raskin Depression Scale, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) are all standardized, validated tools used to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms, aiding clinicians in diagnosis and monitoring treatment response.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. Cognitive-behavioral therapy interventions — These scales are assessment tools, not therapeutic interventions.
B. Neuropsychological memory assessments — These scales assess depressive symptoms, not memory or cognitive function.
D. Tools used exclusively for bipolar disorder screening — These scales are specifically designed to assess depressive symptoms, not to screen exclusively for bipolar disorder.
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