Network and Security (Foundations (D315))
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Free Network and Security (Foundations (D315)) Questions
Which of the following is not true about the Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) of the IPSEC protocol
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It protects replay attacks
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It protects integrity
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It protects confidentiality
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It protects the IP header
Explanation
Correct Answer D. It protects the IP header
Explanation
ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) is a component of the IPsec protocol that provides confidentiality, integrity, and protection against replay attacks. However, ESP does not inherently protect the outer IP header unless it is used in tunnel mode, where a new IP header is added, encapsulating the original one. In transport mode, the original IP header remains exposed.
Why other options are wrong
A. It protects replay attacks
ESP includes anti-replay protection by using sequence numbers, which helps prevent attackers from capturing and reusing old packets to trick the system.
B. It protects integrity
ESP provides data integrity by using cryptographic hashes (such as HMAC) to ensure that data has not been tampered with during transmission.
C. It protects confidentiality
ESP encrypts the payload to ensure that data remains confidential and cannot be read by unauthorized parties. This prevents eavesdropping on network traffic.
Employees report connecting to the company’s Wi-Fi but experiencing unusual redirects and connection issues. Investigation reveals the devices were connecting to a second access point with the same SSID as the corporate network.
Which type of attack is occurring in this scenario?
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ICMP flood
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War chalking
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Evil twin
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Broken authentication
Explanation
Correct Answer:
Evil twin
Explanation:
An evil twin attack occurs when an attacker sets up a rogue wireless access point using the same SSID as a legitimate Wi-Fi network. Unsuspecting users connect to the fake access point, allowing the attacker to intercept sensitive data and manipulate traffic, causing redirects and connection issues. ICMP floods are denial-of-service attacks, war chalking is marking Wi-Fi locations, and broken authentication refers to weak login security. The described situation clearly matches an evil twin attack.
In order to reduce the risk of insider attacks, users of a network are only given access to necessary resources based on the users’ assigned roles.
Which principle is used to address authorization in the scenario?
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Separation of duties
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Anonymous access
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Economy of mechanism
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Least privilege
Explanation
Correct Answer:
Least privilege
Explanation:
The principle of least privilege ensures that users are granted only the minimum access necessary to perform their job functions. By limiting access to essential resources, organizations reduce the risk of insider threats, accidental misuse, and unauthorized activities. This principle strengthens security by restricting exposure and ensuring role-based control over sensitive resources
What is the purpose of port numbers in networking
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To identify devices on the network
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To encrypt data during transmission
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To specify the application or service
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To establish a connection
Explanation
Correct Answer C. To specify the application or service
Explanation
Port numbers are used in networking to identify specific applications or services running on a device. When data is transmitted over a network, the port number ensures that it is directed to the correct process or service on the receiving device. For example, HTTP typically uses port 80, while HTTPS uses port 443. This system allows multiple services to run on the same device without conflicts.
Why other options are wrong
A. To identify devices on the network
Devices on a network are identified using IP addresses, not port numbers. An IP address uniquely identifies a device, whereas a port number specifies which service on that device should handle the incoming data.
B. To encrypt data during transmission
Encryption is handled by protocols such as SSL/TLS or IPSec, not by port numbers. Port numbers only help in directing traffic to the appropriate application or service but do not play a role in securing the data.
D. To establish a connection
While port numbers are part of the connection process, the actual establishment of a connection is managed by protocols such as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). The port number ensures that data is sent to the correct service, but it does not initiate or maintain the connection itself.
An attacker tricks a user into installing a software update that actually contains malicious code. Once installed, the software grants the attacker remote access to the system.
Which type of attack has occurred?
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SQL injection
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Malware infection
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Brute-force attack
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Spoofing
Explanation
Correct Answer:
Malware infection
Explanation:
This scenario describes a malware infection, where the attacker disguises malicious code within a seemingly legitimate software update. Once the user installs the update, the malware executes, giving the attacker unauthorized access to the system. SQL injection targets databases, brute-force attacks attempt repeated password guesses, and spoofing involves impersonating systems or users. Since the method here relies on tricking a user into installing harmful code, the attack is classified as a malware infection.
What is a Certificate Revocation List (CRL)
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A list of certificates deemed exceptional by the National Certificate Authority.
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A list of certificates trusted by a server.
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A list of clients who have chosen to revoke their own certificates.
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A list published by a certificate authority (CA) that identifies revoked certificates.
Explanation
Correct Answer D. A list published by a certificate authority (CA) that identifies revoked certificates.
Explanation
A Certificate Revocation List (CRL) is a list issued and maintained by a Certificate Authority (CA) that contains digital certificates that have been revoked before their expiration date. This can happen due to compromise, key loss, or other security concerns. Systems that rely on certificates check the CRL to ensure they are not trusting a revoked certificate, thereby preventing potential security breaches.
Why other options are wrong
A. A list of certificates deemed exceptional by the National Certificate Authority.
This is incorrect because CRLs do not list "exceptional" certificates; they list revoked certificates. Additionally, there is no single "National Certificate Authority" that determines exceptions.
B. A list of certificates trusted by a server.
This is incorrect because a CRL does not contain trusted certificates. Instead, it lists certificates that are no longer valid and should not be trusted. Trusted certificates are typically found in trusted root CA stores.
C. A list of clients who have chosen to revoke their own certificates.
This is incorrect because individuals or organizations do not "choose" to revoke their certificates arbitrarily. A certificate is revoked due to compromise, expiration, or security concerns, and it is the Certificate Authority (CA) that maintains and updates the CRL.
Which of the following is a protocol originally developed by Cisco that uses TCP to handle authentication, authorization, and accounting services
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NTP
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TACACS+
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RADIUS
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SSH
Explanation
Correct Answer B. TACACS+
Explanation
TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) is a protocol developed by Cisco that provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) services. It uses TCP (typically port 49) and encrypts the entire payload of the packet, making it more secure than some alternatives like RADIUS. TACACS+ is commonly used in enterprise network environments for managing administrative access to network devices.
Why other options are wrong
A. NTP
Network Time Protocol (NTP) is used to synchronize the clocks of network devices. It does not handle authentication, authorization, or accounting services, making it unrelated to TACACS+.
C. RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is another AAA protocol but differs from TACACS+ in key ways. It primarily uses UDP (rather than TCP) and only encrypts the password in its packets, leaving other information exposed. While widely used, RADIUS was not developed by Cisco.
D. SSH
Secure Shell (SSH) is a protocol used for secure remote access to network devices and servers. While it provides encrypted communication, it does not perform AAA functions like TACACS+ does.
Which statement describes the confidentiality tenet of IT security?
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It involves keeping systems accessible for network users.
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It ensures continued access to systems and data.
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It safeguards against active attacks that corrupt or alter data
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It prevents unauthorized access to data or information
Explanation
Correct Answer:
It prevents unauthorized access to data or information.
Explanation:
Confidentiality in IT security refers to protecting sensitive data from unauthorized access or disclosure. This ensures that only authorized individuals or systems can view or use specific information. Availability is concerned with keeping systems accessible, while integrity focuses on preventing unauthorized alteration or corruption of data. Since confidentiality directly addresses restricting unauthorized access, the correct description is preventing unauthorized access to data or information.
Which of the following best describes the primary function of IPSec in network security
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To provide a framework for managing user identities and access rights
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To encrypt and authenticate data packets for secure communication over IP networks
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To serve as a method for generating and distributing digital certificates
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To implement multifactor authentication for user access control
Explanation
Correct Answer B. To encrypt and authenticate data packets for secure communication over IP networks
Explanation:
IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) is a suite of protocols designed to secure IP communications by encrypting and authenticating data packets. It ensures data confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity in network communications, making it essential for securing VPNs and other secure network transmissions.
Why other options are wrong:
A. To provide a framework for managing user identities and access rights
IPSec does not deal with user identity or access management. IAM frameworks, such as Active Directory or OAuth, are responsible for handling authentication and access control, whereas IPSec focuses on securing network traffic.
C. To serve as a method for generating and distributing digital certificates
IPSec uses cryptographic keys and certificates for authentication but does not generate or distribute them. Certificate Authorities (CAs) within a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) handle certificate management.
D. To implement multifactor authentication for user access control
IPSec does not manage user authentication beyond verifying data packet integrity. Multifactor authentication (MFA) is a separate security measure that requires users to provide multiple forms of verification, which IPSec does not handle.
A security team sets up a content delivery network (CDN) to ensure users can quickly and reliably access web resources, even if one server fails.
Which CIA principle is being upheld?
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Integrity
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Availability
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Confidentiality
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Redundancy
Explanation
Correct Answer:
Availability
Explanation:
A content delivery network (CDN) enhances availability by distributing content across multiple servers. If one server fails, others can handle requests, ensuring uninterrupted access. This setup guarantees that users experience consistent and reliable access to web resources, aligning directly with the CIA triad principle of availability.
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The 200+ practice questions are designed to test your understanding of key concepts, protocols, and network security principles covered in ITEC 2112. These questions closely simulate the format of real exam questions, allowing you to assess your readiness and identify areas that need further study.
ULOSCA offers layer-by-layer mastery of the OSI model through interactive explanations and detailed network diagrams. Each layer’s role in data transmission is explained with practical examples, ensuring that learners develop a comprehensive understanding of how data moves through a network from the Physical to the Application layer.
ULOSCA’s subscription covers essential network security principles, including: Firewall configurations Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) Encryption standards such as SSL/TLS and IPsec Authentication and access control mechanisms Best practices for securing both data in transit and data at rest, ensuring that you are prepared to defend against common vulnerabilities.
The 200+ practice questions are designed to test your understanding of key concepts, protocols, and network security principles covered in ITEC 2112. These questions closely simulate the format of real exam questions, allowing you to assess your readiness and identify areas that need further study.
ULOSCA (Understanding Layers of the OSI Model) is a structured approach designed to help you grasp the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model in depth by breaking down each layer and its functionalities in a clear, methodical way.