ATI PN 112 Final Exam 12/25
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Free ATI PN 112 Final Exam 12/25 Questions
A nurse is assisting in the plan of care for a client who has a suspected myocardial infarction. Which of the following medication should the nurse plan to administer first?
- A. Oxygen
- B. Aspirin
- C. Morphine
- D. Nitroglycerin
Explanation
Explanation
Aspirin is administered first in suspected myocardial infarction because it inhibits platelet aggregation and helps prevent further clot formation in the coronary arteries. Early administration reduces mortality by limiting the progression of the thrombus. Oxygen is given only if the client is hypoxic, morphine is used for pain unrelieved by other measures, and nitroglycerin is administered after aspirin to improve coronary blood flow and relieve chest pain.Correct Answer Is:
B. AspirinA nurse is caring for a client who has COPD. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Provide the client with a low protein diet.
- B. Instruct the client to cough every 4 hr.
- C. Advise the client to lie down after eating.
- D. Encourage the client to drink 8 glasses of water a day.
Explanation
Explanation
Adequate fluid intake helps thin respiratory secretions, making them easier to cough up and clear from the airways in clients with COPD. Thinner secretions improve airway clearance and reduce the risk of infection and airway obstruction. Clients with COPD typically require increased hydration unless contraindicated by another condition such as heart or kidney failure.Correct Answer Is:
D. Encourage the client to drink 8 glasses of water a day.A nurse is caring for a client who has Alzheimer’s disease. The nurse discovers the client entering the room of another client, who becomes upset and frightened. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Attempt to determine what the client was looking for.
- B. Ask the client to apologize for his behavior.
- C. Reprimand the client for invading the other client’s privacy.
- D. Explain the client’s Alzheimer’s diagnosis to the frightened client.
Explanation
Explanation
Clients with Alzheimer’s disease often wander due to confusion, unmet needs, or searching for something familiar. The nurse should use a calm, supportive, and redirecting approach by assessing what the client needs or is trying to find. This intervention respects the client’s dignity, reduces anxiety, and helps safely redirect behavior without confrontation. Reprimanding, demanding apologies, or discussing diagnoses can increase distress for both clients and is not therapeutic.Correct Answer Is:
A. Attempt to determine what the client was looking for.A nurse is collecting data for a middle-aged client who has pyelonephritis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Weight gain
- B. Flank pain
- C. Confusion
- D. Hypotension
Explanation
Explanation
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidneys that commonly causes inflammation of the renal pelvis and surrounding tissues. A hallmark manifestation is flank pain, often accompanied by costovertebral angle tenderness, fever, chills, and dysuria. Weight gain is not expected, confusion is more common in older adults with severe infection or sepsis, and hypotension occurs only in advanced or septic cases.Correct Answer Is:
B. Flank painA nurse is caring for a client who is in the acute manic phase of bipolar disorder. Which of the following activities is appropriate for the nurse to suggest to the client?
- A. Walking with the nurse on the grounds of the facility
- B. Participating in a basketball game in the gym
- C. Watching a movie with a group of clients in the day room
- D. Attending a client’s birthday party in the cafe
Explanation
Explanation
Clients in the acute manic phase require activities that provide structure, reduce stimulation, and allow for close supervision. Walking with the nurse offers a calm, one-to-one activity that helps expend excess energy without increasing excitement or competition. Group activities, social gatherings, and competitive sports can overstimulate the client, worsen manic behaviors, and increase the risk of impulsivity or agitation.Correct Answer Is:
A. Walking with the nurse on the grounds of the facilityA nurse is caring for a client who has influenza. Which of the following personal protective equipment (PPE) should the nurse instruct the client to wear?
- A. Gloves
- B. Goggles
- C. Mask
- D. Gown
Explanation
Explanation
Influenza is transmitted primarily through respiratory droplets expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. In droplet precautions, the client should wear a surgical mask when being transported or when others are in close contact to reduce the spread of infectious droplets. Gloves, gowns, and goggles are worn by healthcare personnel as indicated, but the key PPE for the client is a mask to contain respiratory secretions.Correct Answer Is:
C. MaskA nurse is caring for a client who is being evaluated for endometrial cancer. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect the client to report?
- A. Abnormal vaginal bleeding
- B. Hot flashes
- C. Recurrent urinary tract infections
- D. Blood in the stool
Explanation
Explanation
The most common and early presenting symptom of endometrial cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially postmenopausal bleeding or irregular, heavy menstrual bleeding in premenopausal women. This symptom occurs due to abnormal growth of the endometrial lining and should always be investigated promptly. Hot flashes are associated with menopause, recurrent UTIs are unrelated, and blood in the stool suggests gastrointestinal pathology rather than endometrial cancer.Correct Answer Is:
A. Abnormal vaginal bleedingA nurse is caring for a client in the prenatal clinic who has a possible ectopic pregnancy at 8 weeks of gestation. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Severe nausea and vomiting
- B. Copious vaginal bleeding
- C. Uterine enlargement greater than expected for gestational age
- D. Pelvic pain
Explanation
Explanation
Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized ovum implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube. As the pregnancy grows, it causes stretching and irritation of surrounding tissues, leading to unilateral pelvic or lower abdominal pain. This pain is often an early and characteristic manifestation. Nausea, heavy bleeding, or uterine enlargement beyond expected size are more consistent with other pregnancy-related conditions.Correct Answer Is:
D. Pelvic painA nurse is collecting data from a client who is having an acute asthma exacerbation. When auscultating the client’s chest, the nurse should expect to hear which of the following sounds?
- A. Expiratory wheeze
- B. Fine rales
- C. Rhonchi
- D. Pleural friction rub
Explanation
Explanation
During an acute asthma exacerbation, airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus production cause narrowing of the airways. This narrowing makes it especially difficult for air to move out of the lungs, leading to turbulent airflow during expiration. As a result, expiratory wheezing is the most characteristic and commonly heard lung sound in clients experiencing an asthma attack.Correct Answer Is:
A. Expiratory wheezeA nurse is reinforcing nutritional teaching with a client who has COPD. Which of the following instructions by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. Use bronchodilators after meals.
- B. Decrease fiber intake.
- C. Increase protein intake.
- D. Drink carbonated beverages.
Explanation
Explanation
Clients with COPD often have increased energy expenditure due to the work of breathing and are at risk for weight loss and muscle wasting. Increasing protein intake helps maintain muscle mass, supports respiratory muscle strength, and promotes overall nutritional status. Adequate protein is essential to prevent malnutrition, improve endurance, and support healing and immune function in individuals with chronic lung disease.Correct Answer Is:
C. Increase protein intake.How to Order
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