Scripting and Programming (D278)
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ITSW 2113 D278: Scripting and Programming
1. Introduction to Scripting and Programming
Scripting refers to writing small programs or scripts that automate tasks. Scripting languages are often used to automate repetitive or time-consuming tasks, interact with operating system functions, or control the behavior of applications.
Programming is the broader practice of writing code that instructs a computer to perform specific tasks or solve problems. Programs can range from simple scripts to complex software applications.
While both involve writing code to perform tasks, scripting is often seen as writing short, simple programs for automation, while programming involves more complex tasks such as developing full-fledged applications or systems.
Scripting and programming are foundational skills in IT, enabling individuals to automate tasks, develop applications, and solve problems efficiently. Mastery of these skills is essential for roles such as software developers, systems administrators, and data analysts.
2. Programming Languages and Their Usage
- High-Level Languages: Languages like Python, JavaScript, and Java are considered high-level because they are closer to human language and abstract away the complexities of hardware.
- Low-Level Languages: Languages like Assembly and C are closer to machine code, providing more control over hardware but requiring a deeper understanding of the system.
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Python: Known for its simplicity and readability, Python is widely used for web development, automation, and data science.
- JavaScript: A dynamic, client-side scripting language used to create interactive web pages.
- C++: An extension of C that supports object-oriented programming, used for system and application software development.
- Java: A class-based, object-oriented language often used for large-scale enterprise applications.
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Bash: A Unix shell scripting language used for automating tasks in a Unix/Linux environment.
- PowerShell: A task automation framework used primarily in Windows environments for system administration.
3. Basic Programming Concepts
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Variables: A storage location for data that can change during the program's execution. Example: x = 10.
- Data Types: Define the type of value a variable can hold. Common data types include integers (e.g., int), floating-point numbers (e.g., float), strings (e.g., str), and booleans (e.g., bool).
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Operators: Symbols used to perform operations on variables or values. Common operators include:
- Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /
- Comparison Operators: ==, !=, <, >
- Logical Operators: and, or, not
- Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /
- Expressions: Combinations of variables, constants, and operators that produce a value. Example: x + 5 is an expression.
if-else Statements: Used to make decisions in code.
python
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if x > 10:
print("Greater than 10")
else:
print("Less than or equal to 10")
for Loops: Iterate over a sequence (like a list or range).
python
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for i in range(5):
print(i)
while Loops: Repeat a block of code while a condition is true.
python
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while x < 10:
print(x)
x += 1
Functions: Blocks of code that are reusable and perform a specific task. Example:
python
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def greet(name):
return f"Hello, {name}!"
- Methods: Functions that are associated with objects. For example, strings have methods like upper() and lower().
4. Working with Data Structures
Arrays: Collections of elements of the same type. In Python, this is represented as a list.
python
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my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
Dictionaries: Key-value pairs where each key maps to a value. In Python:
python
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my_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}
Tuples: Immutable ordered collections. Example:
python
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my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
Sets: Unordered collections of unique items. Example:
python
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my_set = {1, 2, 3}
- Stacks: A collection of elements that follow the Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle.
- Queues: A collection that follows the First In, First Out (FIFO) principle.
- Linked Lists: Data structures where each element points to the next, allowing for dynamic memory allocation.
5. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a paradigm based on the concept of objects, which contain both data and methods to manipulate that data. OOP allows for better organization of code and reusability.
- Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data within one unit (class).
- Inheritance: The ability of a new class to inherit properties and methods from an existing class.
- Polymorphism: The ability to use the same method name for different types or classes.
- Abstraction: Hiding the complexity of an implementation and exposing only the necessary parts.
Classes: Blueprints for creating objects. Example:
python
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class Car:
def __init__(self, make, model):
self.make = make
self.model = model
Objects: Instances of classes.
python
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car1 = Car("Toyota", "Corolla")
6. Error Handling and Debugging
- Syntax Errors: Mistakes in the code structure, like missing colons or parentheses.
- Runtime Errors: Errors that occur when the program is running, such as dividing by zero.
- Logical Errors: Errors in the program's logic that cause incorrect results.
Exception Handling
try-except Block: Used to catch and handle exceptions gracefully.
python
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try:
x = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero")
- Use print statements to trace the flow of execution.
- Use debugging tools like pdb in Python to step through code and inspect variables
Frequently Asked Question
This course focuses on the fundamentals of scripting and programming, including syntax, logic structures, functions, error handling, and file operations—often using languages like Python or JavaScript.
Your subscription includes 200+ expertly crafted exam practice questions designed to align with key concepts from the ITSW 2113 D278 course.
Yes. Every question includes a detailed, easy-to-understand explanation to help you grasp the logic and apply concepts effectively.
Absolutely. ULOSCA is designed to help both beginners and those with some experience by focusing on foundational coding skills and gradually advancing your understanding.
Yes! ULOSCA offers 24/7 access on all devices—desktop, tablet, or mobile—so you can study whenever and wherever it works best for you.
Yes. While the core focus is often on Python or JavaScript (based on your course), the concepts covered are applicable across multiple scripting languages.
The subscription is $30/month, providing full access to the ITSW 2113 D278 practice content and all other ULOSCA study tools.
Policies may vary, so it's best to check directly on the ULOSCA website or contact support for the latest trial or refund details.
ULOSCA’s exam-focused, course-aligned prep ensures you master core concepts, practice coding techniques, and feel confident tackling both theoretical questions and coding assignments.