Pediatric Nursing Exam 4 Eves Greater Lowell Technical School.
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1. The nurse is teaching parents about postoperative care for a 3-week-old infant who has been diagnosed with pyloric stenosis and will have surgical repair. Which of the following statements by the parents would indicate the teaching has been effective?
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"I should avoid burping her until two weeks after surgery."
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"I should move her around after feedings to help the formula go down."
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"She will need to have a nasogastric tube after surgery."
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"I will burp her before and during feedings and lay her on her right side after."
Explanation
Explanation
This statement reflects accurate understanding of postoperative feeding management following pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis. Burping before and during feedings reduces air accumulation and minimizes vomiting. Positioning the infant on the right side after feedings uses gravity to promote gastric emptying through the pylorus into the duodenum, reducing the risk of regurgitation and aspiration in the postoperative period.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. "I should avoid burping her until two weeks after surgery." — Burping is actually encouraged before and during feedings after pyloromyotomy. Avoiding burping would allow air to accumulate in the stomach, increasing discomfort and the likelihood of postoperative vomiting.
B. "I should move her around after feedings to help the formula go down." — Moving or jostling an infant after feeding increases the risk of regurgitation and vomiting, which is particularly dangerous in a postoperative infant who is at risk for aspiration. The infant should be kept still and positioned on the right side after feedings.
C. "She will need to have a nasogastric tube after surgery." — A nasogastric tube is not a standard component of postoperative care following pyloromyotomy. Feedings are typically reintroduced orally within hours of surgery using a graduated feeding protocol. This statement reflects an inaccurate understanding of postoperative care.
This statement reflects accurate understanding of postoperative feeding management following pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis. Burping before and during feedings reduces air accumulation and minimizes vomiting. Positioning the infant on the right side after feedings uses gravity to promote gastric emptying through the pylorus into the duodenum, reducing the risk of regurgitation and aspiration in the postoperative period.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. "I should avoid burping her until two weeks after surgery." — Burping is actually encouraged before and during feedings after pyloromyotomy. Avoiding burping would allow air to accumulate in the stomach, increasing discomfort and the likelihood of postoperative vomiting.
B. "I should move her around after feedings to help the formula go down." — Moving or jostling an infant after feeding increases the risk of regurgitation and vomiting, which is particularly dangerous in a postoperative infant who is at risk for aspiration. The infant should be kept still and positioned on the right side after feedings.
C. "She will need to have a nasogastric tube after surgery." — A nasogastric tube is not a standard component of postoperative care following pyloromyotomy. Feedings are typically reintroduced orally within hours of surgery using a graduated feeding protocol. This statement reflects an inaccurate understanding of postoperative care.
2. When teaching about general skin care measures that could help prevent acne, the nurse would include:
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Cleanse the skin routinely with mild soap.
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Scrub the skin with an exfoliating cleanser.
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Plan indoor activities to avoid sun exposure.
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Squeeze pimples when they occur to aid healing.
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) Cleanse the skin routinely with mild soap.
Routine gentle cleansing with a mild, non-comedogenic soap removes excess oil, dirt, and bacteria from the skin surface without causing irritation. This is a foundational and evidence-based recommendation for acne prevention. Gentle cleansing twice daily helps keep pores clear and reduces the bacterial load of Cutibacterium acnes, the primary organism involved in acne pathogenesis.
Why the other options are incorrect:
B. Scrub the skin with an exfoliating cleanser — Aggressive scrubbing and exfoliating cleansers irritate and inflame the skin, disrupting the skin barrier and actually worsening acne. Harsh mechanical scrubbing can spread bacteria and cause microabrasions that increase the risk of infection and scarring.
C. Plan indoor activities to avoid sun exposure — While excessive sun exposure can damage the skin, moderate sun exposure is not a primary cause of acne. Completely avoiding outdoor activities is an unnecessary and impractical recommendation that does not reflect evidence-based acne prevention teaching.
D. Squeeze pimples when they occur to aid healing — Squeezing or popping pimples is strictly contraindicated in acne management. This practice ruptures the follicle wall, spreads bacteria and inflammatory contents into surrounding tissue, worsens inflammation, delays healing, and significantly increases the risk of permanent scarring.
Correct Answer: (A) Cleanse the skin routinely with mild soap.
Routine gentle cleansing with a mild, non-comedogenic soap removes excess oil, dirt, and bacteria from the skin surface without causing irritation. This is a foundational and evidence-based recommendation for acne prevention. Gentle cleansing twice daily helps keep pores clear and reduces the bacterial load of Cutibacterium acnes, the primary organism involved in acne pathogenesis.
Why the other options are incorrect:
B. Scrub the skin with an exfoliating cleanser — Aggressive scrubbing and exfoliating cleansers irritate and inflame the skin, disrupting the skin barrier and actually worsening acne. Harsh mechanical scrubbing can spread bacteria and cause microabrasions that increase the risk of infection and scarring.
C. Plan indoor activities to avoid sun exposure — While excessive sun exposure can damage the skin, moderate sun exposure is not a primary cause of acne. Completely avoiding outdoor activities is an unnecessary and impractical recommendation that does not reflect evidence-based acne prevention teaching.
D. Squeeze pimples when they occur to aid healing — Squeezing or popping pimples is strictly contraindicated in acne management. This practice ruptures the follicle wall, spreads bacteria and inflammatory contents into surrounding tissue, worsens inflammation, delays healing, and significantly increases the risk of permanent scarring.
3. A child is brought to the emergency room because he ingested an unknown quantity of Tylenol. If this child is not treated promptly, what complications should the nurse expect?
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Kidney damage.
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Intellectual disability.
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Bleeding.
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Liver damage.
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer: (D) Liver damage.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure in children and adults. When ingested in toxic quantities, the normal hepatic metabolic pathways become saturated and a toxic metabolite called NAPQI (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine) accumulates in the liver. Without prompt treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), NAPQI causes massive hepatocellular necrosis, progressing to acute liver failure, coagulopathy, encephalopathy, and potentially death.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Kidney damage — While renal toxicity can occur in severe acetaminophen overdose, it is a secondary and less common complication. Hepatotoxicity is the primary and most significant concern and is the defining complication of acetaminophen overdose.
B. Intellectual disability — Acetaminophen overdose does not cause direct neurological damage leading to intellectual disability. Encephalopathy that occurs in severe cases is a consequence of liver failure, not direct brain toxicity from the drug.
C. Bleeding — Coagulopathy and bleeding can occur as a late complication of acetaminophen-induced liver failure, since the liver produces clotting factors. However, bleeding is a secondary consequence of liver damage, not a primary direct complication of the acetaminophen toxicity itself.
Correct Answer: (D) Liver damage.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure in children and adults. When ingested in toxic quantities, the normal hepatic metabolic pathways become saturated and a toxic metabolite called NAPQI (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine) accumulates in the liver. Without prompt treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), NAPQI causes massive hepatocellular necrosis, progressing to acute liver failure, coagulopathy, encephalopathy, and potentially death.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Kidney damage — While renal toxicity can occur in severe acetaminophen overdose, it is a secondary and less common complication. Hepatotoxicity is the primary and most significant concern and is the defining complication of acetaminophen overdose.
B. Intellectual disability — Acetaminophen overdose does not cause direct neurological damage leading to intellectual disability. Encephalopathy that occurs in severe cases is a consequence of liver failure, not direct brain toxicity from the drug.
C. Bleeding — Coagulopathy and bleeding can occur as a late complication of acetaminophen-induced liver failure, since the liver produces clotting factors. However, bleeding is a secondary consequence of liver damage, not a primary direct complication of the acetaminophen toxicity itself.
4. The statement made by a parent, indicating the need for further teaching about ways to control itching for the infant with eczema, is:
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"The baby's fingernails are kept short."
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"He will need to take prednisone until the itching resolves."
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"I should keep the skin well moisturized with products like Aquaphor or Vaseline after bathing."
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"I should avoid shampoos and use soap alternatives."
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) "He will need to take prednisone until the itching resolves."
This statement indicates a need for further teaching because prednisone is a systemic corticosteroid that is not the standard first-line treatment for controlling itching in infant eczema. Eczema management in infants relies primarily on topical moisturizers, topical corticosteroids for flares, and trigger avoidance. Long-term or indiscriminate use of systemic prednisone in infants carries significant risks including immunosuppression, growth suppression, and adrenal insufficiency. The parent's statement reflects a misunderstanding of the appropriate treatment approach.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. "The baby's fingernails are kept short." — This is correct and important teaching. Short fingernails minimize skin damage and prevent secondary infection from scratching, which is a primary concern in infants with eczema who cannot control the urge to scratch.
C. "I should keep the skin well moisturized with products like Aquaphor or Vaseline after bathing." — This is correct. Regular and generous application of emollients immediately after bathing helps lock in moisture, restore the skin barrier, and reduce the frequency and severity of eczema flares.
D. "I should avoid shampoos and use soap alternatives." — This is correct. Harsh soaps and shampoos strip the skin of natural oils and can trigger eczema flares. Fragrance-free, gentle soap alternatives and syndets are recommended for bathing infants with eczema.
Correct Answer: (B) "He will need to take prednisone until the itching resolves."
This statement indicates a need for further teaching because prednisone is a systemic corticosteroid that is not the standard first-line treatment for controlling itching in infant eczema. Eczema management in infants relies primarily on topical moisturizers, topical corticosteroids for flares, and trigger avoidance. Long-term or indiscriminate use of systemic prednisone in infants carries significant risks including immunosuppression, growth suppression, and adrenal insufficiency. The parent's statement reflects a misunderstanding of the appropriate treatment approach.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. "The baby's fingernails are kept short." — This is correct and important teaching. Short fingernails minimize skin damage and prevent secondary infection from scratching, which is a primary concern in infants with eczema who cannot control the urge to scratch.
C. "I should keep the skin well moisturized with products like Aquaphor or Vaseline after bathing." — This is correct. Regular and generous application of emollients immediately after bathing helps lock in moisture, restore the skin barrier, and reduce the frequency and severity of eczema flares.
D. "I should avoid shampoos and use soap alternatives." — This is correct. Harsh soaps and shampoos strip the skin of natural oils and can trigger eczema flares. Fragrance-free, gentle soap alternatives and syndets are recommended for bathing infants with eczema.
5. The nurse is teaching parents of a 3-year-old with Wilms tumor. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates the need for further teaching?
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"I should massage his abdomen with baby oil daily."
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"He should avoid contact sports after treatment."
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"The tumor may cause hypertension."
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"He will need to have surgery to remove the tumor."
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) "I should massage his abdomen with baby oil daily."
This statement indicates a need for further teaching because abdominal massage is strictly contraindicated in a child with Wilms tumor. The tumor is encapsulated and massaging the abdomen risks rupturing the capsule, causing cancer cells to spread throughout the peritoneal cavity and leading to metastasis. Parents must be explicitly instructed never to palpate or massage the child's abdomen.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
B. "He should avoid contact sports after treatment." — This is correct. Children treated for Wilms tumor, especially those who undergo nephrectomy, must avoid contact sports to protect the remaining kidney from injury. This statement reflects appropriate understanding.
C. "The tumor may cause hypertension." — This is correct. Wilms tumor can compress the renal vasculature and trigger the renin-angiotensin system, leading to hypertension. The parent correctly understands this complication.
D. "He will need to have surgery to remove the tumor." — This is correct. Surgical resection (nephrectomy) is the primary treatment for Wilms tumor, typically followed by chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. This statement reflects accurate knowledge of the treatment plan.
Correct Answer: (A) "I should massage his abdomen with baby oil daily."
This statement indicates a need for further teaching because abdominal massage is strictly contraindicated in a child with Wilms tumor. The tumor is encapsulated and massaging the abdomen risks rupturing the capsule, causing cancer cells to spread throughout the peritoneal cavity and leading to metastasis. Parents must be explicitly instructed never to palpate or massage the child's abdomen.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
B. "He should avoid contact sports after treatment." — This is correct. Children treated for Wilms tumor, especially those who undergo nephrectomy, must avoid contact sports to protect the remaining kidney from injury. This statement reflects appropriate understanding.
C. "The tumor may cause hypertension." — This is correct. Wilms tumor can compress the renal vasculature and trigger the renin-angiotensin system, leading to hypertension. The parent correctly understands this complication.
D. "He will need to have surgery to remove the tumor." — This is correct. Surgical resection (nephrectomy) is the primary treatment for Wilms tumor, typically followed by chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. This statement reflects accurate knowledge of the treatment plan.
6. A child with burns is receiving morphine 200 mcg/kg x1 dose prior to dressing changes. The child weighs 33 lbs.
What will the dose of morphine be?
Morphine is supplied in 2 mg/1 ml liquid. How many ml of morphine liquid will you give for this dose?
How will you administer the dose?
Answer choices for question 3: In an 8 oz glass of juice / In a 6 oz bottle of formula / With a medication syringe followed by juice / Mixed in 8 oz of water and given with a syringe
- In an 8 oz glass of juice
- In a 6 oz bottle of formula
- With a medication syringe followed by juice
- Mixed in 8 oz of water and given with a syringe
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer 1: 3 mg
Step 1 — Convert weight from pounds to kilograms: 33 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 15 kg
Step 2 — Convert dose from mcg to mg (since supply is in mg): 200 mcg/kg × 15 kg = 3,000 mcg ÷ 1,000 = 3 mg
Correct Answer 2: 1.5 ml
Using the available concentration of 2 mg/1 ml: 3 mg ÷ 2 mg/ml = 1.5 ml
Correct Answer 3: With a medication syringe followed by juice.
Oral liquid medications in children should always be administered using a calibrated medication syringe to ensure accurate dosing. Following with juice helps mask the taste and encourages the child to swallow the full dose. Mixing medication in a bottle of formula or a large glass of juice is contraindicated because if the child does not finish the entire volume, the full dose will not be received, leading to inadequate pain control.
Correct Answer 1: 3 mg
Step 1 — Convert weight from pounds to kilograms: 33 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 15 kg
Step 2 — Convert dose from mcg to mg (since supply is in mg): 200 mcg/kg × 15 kg = 3,000 mcg ÷ 1,000 = 3 mg
Correct Answer 2: 1.5 ml
Using the available concentration of 2 mg/1 ml: 3 mg ÷ 2 mg/ml = 1.5 ml
Correct Answer 3: With a medication syringe followed by juice.
Oral liquid medications in children should always be administered using a calibrated medication syringe to ensure accurate dosing. Following with juice helps mask the taste and encourages the child to swallow the full dose. Mixing medication in a bottle of formula or a large glass of juice is contraindicated because if the child does not finish the entire volume, the full dose will not be received, leading to inadequate pain control.
7. Which of the following treatments for intussusception on a 4-month-old infant is the treatment of choice?
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Repeated tap water enemas until resolved.
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No treatment is needed, it is not an emergency.
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Ultrasound guided air enema.
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Surgical bowel resection.
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Ultrasound guided air enema.
An ultrasound-guided air enema (pneumatic reduction) is the first-line, non-surgical treatment of choice for intussusception in infants and children when there are no signs of peritonitis or bowel perforation. Air is introduced into the colon under fluoroscopic or ultrasound guidance to hydrostatically reduce the telescoped bowel segment. This approach is effective in the majority of cases and avoids the need for surgery.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Repeated tap water enemas until resolved — Tap water enemas are contraindicated in intussusception as they are ineffective for reducing the telescoped bowel and carry a risk of water intoxication in infants. They are not a recognized treatment for intussusception.
B. No treatment is needed, it is not an emergency — Intussusception is a true pediatric emergency. Left untreated, the telescoped bowel becomes ischemic, leading to necrosis, perforation, peritonitis, sepsis, and death. Immediate intervention is mandatory.
D. Surgical bowel resection — Surgery is reserved for cases where air enema reduction fails, or when the child presents with signs of bowel perforation or peritonitis. It is not the first-line treatment of choice when non-surgical reduction is still possible.
Correct Answer: (C) Ultrasound guided air enema.
An ultrasound-guided air enema (pneumatic reduction) is the first-line, non-surgical treatment of choice for intussusception in infants and children when there are no signs of peritonitis or bowel perforation. Air is introduced into the colon under fluoroscopic or ultrasound guidance to hydrostatically reduce the telescoped bowel segment. This approach is effective in the majority of cases and avoids the need for surgery.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Repeated tap water enemas until resolved — Tap water enemas are contraindicated in intussusception as they are ineffective for reducing the telescoped bowel and carry a risk of water intoxication in infants. They are not a recognized treatment for intussusception.
B. No treatment is needed, it is not an emergency — Intussusception is a true pediatric emergency. Left untreated, the telescoped bowel becomes ischemic, leading to necrosis, perforation, peritonitis, sepsis, and death. Immediate intervention is mandatory.
D. Surgical bowel resection — Surgery is reserved for cases where air enema reduction fails, or when the child presents with signs of bowel perforation or peritonitis. It is not the first-line treatment of choice when non-surgical reduction is still possible.
8. On the first day post-burn, the body's fluid reserves have left the circulating volume and entered the interstitial space, causing massive edema. The nurse monitors the burn victim very closely for:
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Congestive heart failure.
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Increasing intracranial pressure.
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Fluid overload.
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Signs of renal failure.
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer: (D) Signs of renal failure.
In the immediate post-burn period, massive fluid shifts from the intravascular space into the interstitial space (third spacing) cause profound hypovolemia. This dramatic reduction in circulating volume decreases renal perfusion, placing the patient at high risk for acute tubular necrosis and renal failure. Additionally, myoglobin released from damaged muscle tissue can precipitate in the renal tubules, further compromising kidney function. Monitoring urine output closely is a critical nursing priority in burn management.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Congestive heart failure — In the immediate post-burn phase, the patient is hypovolemic due to fluid shifting out of the vascular space. Congestive heart failure results from fluid overload, which is the opposite of what occurs in the acute post-burn period.
B. Increasing intracranial pressure — Intracranial pressure elevation is not a primary complication of the fluid shifts that occur in the first day post-burn unless there is a concurrent head injury. It is not the priority monitoring concern in this context.
C. Fluid overload — During the first 24 hours post-burn, the patient is in a state of hypovolemia due to third spacing. Fluid overload becomes a concern during the fluid remobilization phase (typically 48 to 72 hours post-burn) when interstitial fluid returns to the vascular space, not on the first day.
Correct Answer: (D) Signs of renal failure.
In the immediate post-burn period, massive fluid shifts from the intravascular space into the interstitial space (third spacing) cause profound hypovolemia. This dramatic reduction in circulating volume decreases renal perfusion, placing the patient at high risk for acute tubular necrosis and renal failure. Additionally, myoglobin released from damaged muscle tissue can precipitate in the renal tubules, further compromising kidney function. Monitoring urine output closely is a critical nursing priority in burn management.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Congestive heart failure — In the immediate post-burn phase, the patient is hypovolemic due to fluid shifting out of the vascular space. Congestive heart failure results from fluid overload, which is the opposite of what occurs in the acute post-burn period.
B. Increasing intracranial pressure — Intracranial pressure elevation is not a primary complication of the fluid shifts that occur in the first day post-burn unless there is a concurrent head injury. It is not the priority monitoring concern in this context.
C. Fluid overload — During the first 24 hours post-burn, the patient is in a state of hypovolemia due to third spacing. Fluid overload becomes a concern during the fluid remobilization phase (typically 48 to 72 hours post-burn) when interstitial fluid returns to the vascular space, not on the first day.
9. A 7-month-old infant is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis. Which of the following will be the nurse's primary focused assessment related to this diagnosis?
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Assessing bowel sounds and guiac testing of stool
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Assessing oxygen saturation, lung sounds and cough
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Assessing mucus membranes, fontanel and urine output
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Assessing PERRLA, hand grasps and foot pushes
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Assessing mucus membranes, fontanel and urine output
The greatest risk for a 7-month-old infant with acute gastroenteritis is dehydration. The primary focused assessment must therefore target signs of dehydration. Dry mucous membranes indicate fluid deficit, a sunken anterior fontanel reflects decreased intracranial fluid pressure from dehydration, and decreased urine output signals inadequate renal perfusion. Together these three assessments provide a comprehensive picture of the infant's hydration status and guide the urgency of fluid replacement interventions.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Assessing bowel sounds and guiac testing of stool — While these assessments have some relevance in gastroenteritis, they do not address the primary life-threatening complication of dehydration and are not the priority focused assessment for this diagnosis in an infant.
B. Assessing oxygen saturation, lung sounds and cough — This assessment is primarily focused on respiratory conditions. Unless aspiration or a concurrent respiratory illness is suspected, this is not the priority assessment for acute gastroenteritis.
D. Assessing PERRLA, hand grasps and foot pushes — This is a neurological assessment. While neurological changes can occur in severe dehydration, this is not the primary focused assessment for a 7-month-old with acute gastroenteritis.
Correct Answer: (C) Assessing mucus membranes, fontanel and urine output
The greatest risk for a 7-month-old infant with acute gastroenteritis is dehydration. The primary focused assessment must therefore target signs of dehydration. Dry mucous membranes indicate fluid deficit, a sunken anterior fontanel reflects decreased intracranial fluid pressure from dehydration, and decreased urine output signals inadequate renal perfusion. Together these three assessments provide a comprehensive picture of the infant's hydration status and guide the urgency of fluid replacement interventions.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Assessing bowel sounds and guiac testing of stool — While these assessments have some relevance in gastroenteritis, they do not address the primary life-threatening complication of dehydration and are not the priority focused assessment for this diagnosis in an infant.
B. Assessing oxygen saturation, lung sounds and cough — This assessment is primarily focused on respiratory conditions. Unless aspiration or a concurrent respiratory illness is suspected, this is not the priority assessment for acute gastroenteritis.
D. Assessing PERRLA, hand grasps and foot pushes — This is a neurological assessment. While neurological changes can occur in severe dehydration, this is not the primary focused assessment for a 7-month-old with acute gastroenteritis.
10. A parent calls the school nurse because she wants to know what to do since a child in her son's class has head lice. What is the best response for the nurse to make?
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"Tell the child not to share or trade hats with his friends."
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"Do not worry. Boys rarely get head lice."
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"Apply vaseline to your son's hair before bed each night."
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"Treat your child's hair with Ridex."
Explanation
Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) "Tell the child not to share or trade hats with his friends."
Head lice (Pediculosis capitis) spread primarily through direct head-to-head contact and through sharing personal items such as hats, combs, brushes, and hair accessories. Advising the parent to instruct their child not to share or trade hats is the most appropriate preventive measure since the child has not yet been identified as having lice and does not require treatment at this time.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
B. "Do not worry. Boys rarely get head lice." — This is inaccurate and dismissive. Head lice infest children of all genders equally. Dismissing the parent's concern without providing preventive education is not appropriate nursing practice.
C. "Apply vaseline to your son's hair before bed each night." — Applying vaseline is not an evidence-based preventive measure for head lice. It is messy, difficult to remove, and not a recognized or recommended prophylactic treatment by public health or dermatological guidelines.
D. "Treat your child's hair with Ridex." — Pediculicide treatment should only be initiated when an active infestation has been confirmed by finding live lice or viable nits. Treating a child prophylactically with pediculicide when no infestation exists is not recommended due to the risk of unnecessary chemical exposure.
Correct Answer: (A) "Tell the child not to share or trade hats with his friends."
Head lice (Pediculosis capitis) spread primarily through direct head-to-head contact and through sharing personal items such as hats, combs, brushes, and hair accessories. Advising the parent to instruct their child not to share or trade hats is the most appropriate preventive measure since the child has not yet been identified as having lice and does not require treatment at this time.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
B. "Do not worry. Boys rarely get head lice." — This is inaccurate and dismissive. Head lice infest children of all genders equally. Dismissing the parent's concern without providing preventive education is not appropriate nursing practice.
C. "Apply vaseline to your son's hair before bed each night." — Applying vaseline is not an evidence-based preventive measure for head lice. It is messy, difficult to remove, and not a recognized or recommended prophylactic treatment by public health or dermatological guidelines.
D. "Treat your child's hair with Ridex." — Pediculicide treatment should only be initiated when an active infestation has been confirmed by finding live lice or viable nits. Treating a child prophylactically with pediculicide when no infestation exists is not recommended due to the risk of unnecessary chemical exposure.
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