PN AP Final Exam 2025 at Jersey College School of Nursing
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Free PN AP Final Exam 2025 at Jersey College School of Nursing Questions
An infant receiving antibodies from drinking a mother's breast milk is an example of which type of immunity?
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Artificial active
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Artificial passive
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Natural active
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Natural passive
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Natural passive.
Detailed Explanation:
Natural passive immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred naturally from one individual to another. In this case, a breastfeeding mother passes antibodies (especially IgA) to her infant through breast milk, helping protect the baby from infections. The infant’s immune system does not produce these antibodies; it only receives them temporarily. By contrast, artificial immunity involves medical intervention, such as vaccines or antibody injections.
What structure is concerned with the processing and maturation of T-lymphocytes?
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Thymus gland
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Pituitary gland
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Pineal gland
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Adrenal gland
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Thymus gland.
Detailed Explanation:
The thymus gland is the primary lymphoid organ responsible for the processing and maturation of T-lymphocytes (T-cells), which are essential for the body’s adaptive immune response. Located in the upper chest behind the sternum, the thymus trains immature T-cells to distinguish between the body’s own cells and foreign invaders. This process is most active during childhood and early adolescence, after which the thymus gradually shrinks but continues to contribute to immune function throughout life.
What does it mean when the antigen-antibody components undergo agglutination?
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They decrease their pH rapidly
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They experience mitosis
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They decrease white blood cell production
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They clump together
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. They clump together.
Detailed Explanation:
Agglutination occurs when antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of cells or particles, causing them to clump together. This reaction is part of the immune response and helps the body identify and isolate foreign substances such as bacteria or incompatible blood cells. The clumping makes it easier for immune cells like macrophages to engulf and destroy the invaders. Agglutination is also the principle behind blood typing and some diagnostic tests.
Based on the information below, which choice describes the correct sequence of the heart's conduction system?
1.Bundle branches
2.Atrioventricular (AV) node
3.Bundle of His
4.Sinoatrial (SA) node
5.Purkinje fibers
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4, 2, 3, 1, 5
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2, 4, 3, 1, 5
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5, 1, 3, 2, 4
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4, 2, 3, 5, 1
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. 4, 2, 3, 1, 5.
Detailed Explanation:
The correct sequence of the heart’s conduction system begins with the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart’s natural pacemaker, which initiates the electrical impulse. The signal then travels to the atrioventricular (AV) node, which delays the impulse slightly to allow the atria to contract. From there, it passes through the Bundle of His, down the bundle branches within the interventricular septum, and finally through the Purkinje fibers, which distribute the impulse to the ventricular muscle, causing coordinated contraction and efficient blood ejection.
An ovum and a sperm cell fuse together to form a zygote through which process?
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Ovulation
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Ejaculation
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Meiosis
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Fertilization
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Fertilization.
Detailed Explanation:
Fertilization is the process by which a sperm cell unites with an ovum (egg cell) to form a single cell called a zygote. This event typically occurs in the fallopian tube. The zygote contains a complete set of 46 chromosomes—half from the mother and half from the father—forming the genetic blueprint for a new individual. After fertilization, the zygote begins to divide and eventually implants into the uterine wall to begin embryonic development.
Which female structure is made of erectile tissue?
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Vulva
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Hymen
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Clitoris
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Mons pubis
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Clitoris.
Detailed Explanation:
The clitoris is composed of erectile tissue similar to that of the male penis. It becomes engorged with blood during sexual arousal, increasing sensitivity and contributing to sexual pleasure. The clitoris contains numerous nerve endings and is highly responsive to stimulation.
The vulva refers to the external female genitalia as a whole, the hymen is a thin membrane partially covering the vaginal opening in some females, and the mons pubis is a fatty mound over the pubic bone that provides cushioning but does not contain erectile tissue.
Radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation are terms that are related to which concept?
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Exocrine secretions
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Heat loss
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Skin pigmentation
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Sweat glands
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Heat loss.
Detailed Explanation:
Radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation are the four primary mechanisms of heat loss from the body that help regulate body temperature.
Radiation: Transfer of heat from the body to cooler surroundings without direct contact.
Conduction: Direct transfer of heat through physical contact (e.g., touching a cold surface).
Convection: Transfer of heat through air or fluid movement around the body.
Evaporation: Heat loss when sweat turns into vapor on the skin’s surface.
What is the visible portion of the hair called?
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Bulb
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Shaft
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Pediculosis
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Root
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Shaft.
Detailed Explanation:
The shaft is the visible portion of the hair that extends above the surface of the skin. It is made of keratinized cells and consists of three layers — the cuticle, cortex, and medulla. The shaft is the non-living part of the hair that provides structure, color, and strength. The root lies beneath the skin within the hair follicle, while the bulb anchors the hair and contains cells responsible for growth. Pediculosis refers to a lice infestation, not a hair structure.
What is another name for the pharynx?
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Oral cavity
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Throat
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Trachea
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Tonsils
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Throat.
Detailed Explanation:
The pharynx is commonly known as the throat. It is a muscular tube that serves as a passageway for both air and food, connecting the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus. The pharynx plays an essential role in respiration, swallowing, and speech. It is divided into three regions: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. The trachea lies below the pharynx and carries air to the lungs, while the tonsils are lymphoid tissues located within the pharynx.
What is another name for the thyroid cartilage?
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Vocal cord
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Pharynx
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Eustachian tube
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Adam’s apple
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Adam’s apple.
Detailed Explanation:
The thyroid cartilage is the largest cartilage of the larynx (voice box) and is commonly known as the Adam’s apple. It forms the front wall of the larynx and protects the vocal cords located just behind it. This cartilage is more prominent in males due to hormonal influences during puberty, which cause it to enlarge and deepen the voice. The vocal cords are located within the larynx, while the pharynx and Eustachian tube are separate structures of the upper respiratory and auditory systems, respectively.
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