CHEM 120 W8 Exam3 at Chamberlain University
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Free CHEM 120 W8 Exam3 at Chamberlain University Questions
What is the functional group in this compound: CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH
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Ether
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Aldehyde
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Ester
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Ketone
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Alcohol
Explanation
The compound CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH contains a hydroxyl group (–OH) attached to a carbon chain, which defines it as an alcohol. The –OH functional group is responsible for hydrogen bonding, higher boiling points, and solubility in water compared to hydrocarbons. This specific molecule is 1-hexanol, a primary alcohol commonly used as a solvent and in the manufacture of fragrances and plasticizers.
Which of the following functional groups is used as an important component of hand sanitizers?
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Carboxylic acid
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Alcohol
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Alkane
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Ketone
Explanation
Alcohols, particularly ethanol and isopropanol, are the primary active ingredients in most hand sanitizers. They work by denaturing proteins and dissolving lipids in microbial cell membranes, effectively killing bacteria and viruses. Concentrations of 60–70% alcohol are proven to be most effective for disinfection while remaining safe for skin use.
What happens when ionic compounds dissolve in water? Select all that apply.
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Cations and anions are released into the solution
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They split up H₂O molecules into hydrogen and oxygen
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They are transformed into non-metals
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They conduct electricity
Explanation
A. Cations and anions are released into the solution
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the polar water molecules surround and separate the positive (cation) and negative (anion) ions from the crystal lattice. This process, called dissociation, allows the ions to become evenly distributed throughout the solution.
D. They conduct electricity
The free-moving ions in solution make the liquid electrically conductive. Since ions carry charge, a dissolved ionic compound — such as sodium chloride in water — becomes an electrolyte, capable of transmitting electric current.
Which metal is being reduced based on the reaction below?
Ni + Cu²⁺ → Ni²⁺ + Cu
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Ni
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Ni²⁺
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Cu
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Cu²⁺
Explanation
In this redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction:
Nickel (Ni) starts as a neutral atom and becomes Ni²⁺, meaning it loses electrons → oxidation.
Copper ions (Cu²⁺) gain those electrons and become Cu (solid) → reduction.
Therefore, Cu²⁺ is the species being reduced, as reduction always involves the gain of electrons.
Summary of Electron Flow:
Ni → Ni²⁺ + 2e⁻ (oxidation)
Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu (reduction)
Which biomolecule is produced in the nucleus during transcription, carries genetic instructions to ribosomes, and can exit the nucleus to participate in protein synthesis?
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Proteins
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DNA
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RNA
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Lipids
Explanation
RNA (ribonucleic acid) is synthesized in the nucleus through transcription, a process in which DNA is used as a template to create a complementary RNA strand. Messenger RNA (mRNA) then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores and carries genetic information to ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are synthesized. This mobility between the nucleus and cytoplasm distinguishes RNA from DNA, which remains confined within the nucleus.
You have a chunk of radioactive iron. This isotope has a half-life of about 2.5 years. How many grams of an 80-gram sample of this radioactive iron will remain intact after 5 years?
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80 g
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40 g
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20 g
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35 g
Explanation
A half-life is the time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay. After one half-life (2.5 years), 80 g becomes 40 g. After another half-life (5 years total), half of the remaining 40 g decays, leaving 20 g. Therefore, after two half-lives, only one-quarter of the original sample (20 g) remains intact.
Blood is known to be a buffered solution in the body. Does the intake of acidic or alkaline foods significantly affect the blood pH?
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No, the blood pH is constant.
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Yes, the pH increases after eating.
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Yes, acidic food decreases pH and alkaline food increases it.
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No, the blood pH fluctuates randomly.
Explanation
The human body maintains blood pH within a narrow range of about 7.35–7.45 through buffer systems such as the bicarbonate–carbonic acid system. These buffers neutralize excess acids or bases to prevent significant pH changes. While food may temporarily alter the pH of saliva or urine, blood pH remains tightly regulated by the lungs and kidneys, ensuring stable physiological conditions necessary for enzyme function and cellular processes.
Which of the compounds below is classified as a carboxylic acid?
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CH₃CH₂COOH
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CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
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CH₃CH₂OCH₃
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CH₃COOCH₂CH₃
Explanation
A carboxylic acid is an organic compound containing the carboxyl functional group (-COOH). The formula CH₃CH₂COOH represents propanoic acid, which includes this group. Carboxylic acids are known for their acidic properties and often have a sour taste and sharp odor.
If a person's body suddenly became unable to do the process of translation, what biomolecule class would you be immediately unable to produce?
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Proteins
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DNA
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Carbohydrates
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Lipids
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RNA
Explanation
Translation is the cellular process in which ribosomes read messenger RNA (mRNA) to assemble amino acids into specific protein sequences. If translation stops, the body cannot produce proteins—essential molecules responsible for structure, enzymes, transport, and signaling. Without protein synthesis, nearly all cellular functions, including metabolism, growth, and repair, would cease, leading to system-wide failure in biological processes.
Which form of radiation is able to penetrate most deeply into the human body?
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Alpha decay
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Gamma ray emission
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Skin would block all of these types of radiation
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Beta decay
Explanation
Gamma rays are high-energy electromagnetic waves with no mass and no charge, allowing them to penetrate deeply through human tissue and even several centimeters of lead or concrete. Because of their penetrating power, they pose a significant internal and external radiation hazard.
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