CHEM 120 W8 Exam3 and W8 Lab Practicum at Chamberlain University
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Free CHEM 120 W8 Exam3 and W8 Lab Practicum at Chamberlain University Questions
Which biomolecule is produced in the nucleus during transcription, carries genetic instructions to ribosomes, and can exit the nucleus to participate in protein synthesis?
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Proteins
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DNA
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RNA
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Lipids
Explanation
RNA (ribonucleic acid) is synthesized in the nucleus through transcription, a process in which DNA is used as a template to create a complementary RNA strand. Messenger RNA (mRNA) then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores and carries genetic information to ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are synthesized. This mobility between the nucleus and cytoplasm distinguishes RNA from DNA, which remains confined within the nucleus.
The hydrocarbon with the structural formula CH₃CH=CH₂ would be considered an:
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Alkyne
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Amide
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Alkane
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Alkene
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Amine
Explanation
The compound CH₃CH=CH₂ is propene (propylene). It contains a carbon–carbon double bond (C=C), which is the defining feature of alkenes. Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CₙH₂ₙ and participate in reactions such as addition and polymerization due to the presence of the double bond.
The enzyme OREOase acts on chocolate sandwich cookies to break the cookies apart to get to the creamy center. Occasionally, a vanilla cookie also fits into the OREOase active site, but the enzyme cannot act on the vanilla cookie so the reaction halts. Eventually, the vanilla cookie leaves the active site. What is the best description of the vanilla cookie in this scenario?
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Competitive inhibitor
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Denaturing of the protein
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Cofactor
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Coenzyme
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Non-competitive inhibitor
Explanation
A competitive inhibitor is a substance that resembles the enzyme’s normal substrate and competes for binding at the active site. In this case, the vanilla cookie fits into OREOase’s active site just like the chocolate cookie (the true substrate) but does not undergo a reaction. This temporarily blocks the enzyme’s activity until the inhibitor leaves, allowing the correct substrate to bind again.
Which of the following would be considered particulate radiation?
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Alpha decay
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Visible light
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IR (infrared) radiation
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X-rays
Explanation
Particulate radiation consists of tiny particles of matter that have mass and may carry an electrical charge. Alpha decay involves the emission of alpha particles, each composed of two protons and two neutrons—essentially a helium nucleus. These particles are heavy and positively charged, and they interact strongly with matter, causing significant ionization over a short range.
If your planned experiment was able to produce conclusive results, what needs to be done to prove that your hypothesis is true?
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Perform an experiment with more experimental controls
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Reproduce results with replicates
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Present results in a scientific journal
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Test your independent variable on a large human test group
Explanation
Scientific validity depends on repeatability. Reproducing experimental results with multiple replicates confirms that findings are consistent, reliable, and not due to random chance. Replication helps establish the accuracy of your hypothesis by ensuring that the same results occur under identical conditions, strengthening confidence in the conclusion and supporting scientific credibility.
The active site of an enzyme allows which of the following? Select all that apply.
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Rigid stability to the protein
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A location for allosteric inhibitors to bind
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The chemical reaction to happen
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The shape ensures only the correct molecule(s) fit
Explanation
C. The chemical reaction to happen
The active site of an enzyme is the specific region where substrates bind and the chemical reaction occurs. It provides the proper microenvironment (such as pH, charge, and orientation) to lower activation energy and facilitate the conversion of substrate(s) into product(s).
D. The shape ensures only the correct molecule(s) fit
The active site has a unique 3D shape that follows the lock-and-key or induced-fit model, allowing only specific substrates to bind. This specificity ensures that enzymes catalyze only their intended reactions.
Which of the following would be considered an application of radioactive materials? Select all that apply.
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CT scan
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Tracking of leaks in pipes
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Fuel additive for cars
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Smoke detectors
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Hand sanitation
Explanation
A. CT scan
Certain CT scans and other imaging techniques, such as PET scans, use radioactive tracers (radioisotopes) to visualize organ function, detect cancer, and study metabolic activity within the body. This is a key medical application of radioactive materials.
B. Tracking of leaks in pipes
Radioactive isotopes are used in industrial tracing to locate leaks in pipelines or measure the flow rate of liquids. The radiation emitted helps identify where leaks occur without the need for excavation or disruption.
D. Smoke detectors
Most smoke detectors contain a small amount of americium-241, a radioactive isotope that ionizes air particles, allowing the device to detect smoke particles and trigger an alarm — a common household use of radioactive materials.
You have a chunk of radioactive iron. This isotope has a half-life of about 2.5 years. How many grams of an 80-gram sample of this radioactive iron will remain intact after 5 years?
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80 g
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40 g
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20 g
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35 g
Explanation
A half-life is the time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay. After one half-life (2.5 years), 80 g becomes 40 g. After another half-life (5 years total), half of the remaining 40 g decays, leaving 20 g. Therefore, after two half-lives, only one-quarter of the original sample (20 g) remains intact.
Lipids are mostly …
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Nonpolar molecules
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Water molecules
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Protein molecules
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Polar molecules
Explanation
Lipids are primarily nonpolar molecules, meaning they do not mix well with water. Their structure consists mostly of long hydrocarbon chains or rings, which lack charged regions. This makes them hydrophobic, or “water-fearing.” Because of this property, lipids form cell membranes, store energy efficiently, and act as insulation — all essential biological functions dependent on their nonpolar nature.
What would be the name of the compound: CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂?
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Butylamine
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Butanoic acid
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Butanol
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Butanal
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Butylamide
Explanation
The compound CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ contains a four-carbon alkyl chain (butyl group) attached to an amine functional group (–NH₂). Compounds with this group are classified as amines, and when the –NH₂ is attached to a straight four-carbon chain, the name is butylamine (or 1-butanamine in IUPAC naming).
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