CHEM 120 W8 Exam3 and W8 Lab Practicum at Chamberlain University
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Free CHEM 120 W8 Exam3 and W8 Lab Practicum at Chamberlain University Questions
Are the following atoms isotopes of the same element? (Refer to the models shown
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No, since they don't have the same atomic number
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Yes, since they have the same atomic mass
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No, since they have the same atomic mass
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Yes, since they have the same atomic number
Explanation
Atoms are isotopes of the same element only if they have the same number of protons (same atomic number) but different numbers of neutrons. In the images, one nucleus has three protons, and the other has four protons. Different proton counts mean they are completely different elements, not isotopes. The number of neutrons can vary within an element, but the number of protons cannot.
Which biomolecule is produced in the nucleus during transcription, carries genetic instructions to ribosomes, and can exit the nucleus to participate in protein synthesis?
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Proteins
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DNA
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RNA
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Lipids
Explanation
RNA (ribonucleic acid) is synthesized in the nucleus through transcription, a process in which DNA is used as a template to create a complementary RNA strand. Messenger RNA (mRNA) then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores and carries genetic information to ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are synthesized. This mobility between the nucleus and cytoplasm distinguishes RNA from DNA, which remains confined within the nucleus.
You have a chunk of radioactive iron. This isotope has a half-life of about 2.5 years. How many grams of an 80-gram sample of this radioactive iron will remain intact after 5 years?
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80 g
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40 g
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20 g
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35 g
Explanation
A half-life is the time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay. After one half-life (2.5 years), 80 g becomes 40 g. After another half-life (5 years total), half of the remaining 40 g decays, leaving 20 g. Therefore, after two half-lives, only one-quarter of the original sample (20 g) remains intact.
A medical isotope has a half-life of 20 minutes. If you have 400 grams of this freshly prepared isotope, how many grams will remain after 60 minutes?
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20 g
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50 g
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3 g
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100 g
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200 g
Explanation
The half-life is 20 minutes, meaning the quantity halves every 20 minutes.
Start: 400 g
After 20 minutes: 400 g ÷ 2 = 200 g
After 40 minutes: 200 g ÷ 2 = 100 g
After 60 minutes: 100 g ÷ 2 = 50 g
Thus, after 60 minutes (3 half-lives), 50 g remains.
The enzyme OREOase acts on chocolate sandwich cookies to break the cookies apart to get to the creamy center. Occasionally, a vanilla cookie also fits into the OREOase active site, but the enzyme cannot act on the vanilla cookie so the reaction halts. Eventually, the vanilla cookie leaves the active site. What is the best description of the vanilla cookie in this scenario?
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Competitive inhibitor
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Denaturing of the protein
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Cofactor
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Coenzyme
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Non-competitive inhibitor
Explanation
A competitive inhibitor is a substance that resembles the enzyme’s normal substrate and competes for binding at the active site. In this case, the vanilla cookie fits into OREOase’s active site just like the chocolate cookie (the true substrate) but does not undergo a reaction. This temporarily blocks the enzyme’s activity until the inhibitor leaves, allowing the correct substrate to bind again.
Which is the best description of rRNA?
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It is part of the ribosome
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It holds the entire genetic code
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It carries a copy of the DNA code to the ribosome
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It carries the amino acid to the ribosome
Explanation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms the structural and functional core of ribosomes, the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. It helps align messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. rRNA thus plays a direct enzymatic and structural role in building proteins, making it essential for gene expression and cellular function.
If a person's body suddenly became unable to do the process of translation, what biomolecule class would you be immediately unable to produce?
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Proteins
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DNA
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Carbohydrates
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Lipids
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RNA
Explanation
Translation is the cellular process in which ribosomes read messenger RNA (mRNA) to assemble amino acids into specific protein sequences. If translation stops, the body cannot produce proteins—essential molecules responsible for structure, enzymes, transport, and signaling. Without protein synthesis, nearly all cellular functions, including metabolism, growth, and repair, would cease, leading to system-wide failure in biological processes.
Lipids are mostly …
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Nonpolar molecules
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Water molecules
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Protein molecules
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Polar molecules
Explanation
Lipids are primarily nonpolar molecules, meaning they do not mix well with water. Their structure consists mostly of long hydrocarbon chains or rings, which lack charged regions. This makes them hydrophobic, or “water-fearing.” Because of this property, lipids form cell membranes, store energy efficiently, and act as insulation — all essential biological functions dependent on their nonpolar nature.
This type of biomolecule consists of a long carbon chain with a carboxylic acid end and can be classified as saturated or unsaturated.
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Hormone
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Triglyceride
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Wax
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Fatty acid
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Protein
Explanation
A fatty acid is a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) at one end. Fatty acids can be classified as:
Saturated, when they contain only single carbon–carbon bonds (solid at room temperature), or
Unsaturated, when they contain one or more double bonds (liquid at room temperature).
Fatty acids are the building blocks of lipids, including triglycerides and phospholipids, and play key roles in energy storage and membrane structure.
Which of the compounds below is classified as a carboxylic acid?
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CH₃CH₂COOH
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CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
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CH₃CH₂OCH₃
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CH₃COOCH₂CH₃
Explanation
A carboxylic acid is an organic compound containing the carboxyl functional group (-COOH). The formula CH₃CH₂COOH represents propanoic acid, which includes this group. Carboxylic acids are known for their acidic properties and often have a sour taste and sharp odor.
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