WS NR222 Exam 2 - Chamberlain University
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Free WS NR222 Exam 2 - Chamberlain University Questions
The school nurse is caring for a preschool child. Which statement(s) by the child illustrate animism? Select all that apply.
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"The chair is mad because I stood on it."
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"The ball rolls because I pushed it."
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"The car is angry because it won't start."
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"The dog is barking because it hears a noise."
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"The clouds are crying because they're sad."
Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) "The chair is mad because I stood on it.", (C) "The car is angry because it won't start.", and (E) "The clouds are crying because they're sad."
Animism is a characteristic of preoperational thought in which young children attribute life-like qualities, feelings, or consciousness to inanimate objects. Statements describing a chair as "mad," a car as "angry," or clouds as "crying" all reflect this tendency to assign human emotions to objects that are not actually alive.
Why the other options are incorrect:
B. "The ball rolls because I pushed it.": This statement describes a simple cause-and-effect relationship based on physical action, not the attribution of life or emotion to an inanimate object.
D. "The dog is barking because it hears a noise.": This statement describes an accurate behavioral response of a living animal to a stimulus, rather than an example of assigning human-like feelings to something inanimate.
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Eats fast food several times per week
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Reports unprotected sexual activity
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Engages in physical activity inconsistently
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Has a body mass index (BMI) of 27
Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Reports unprotected sexual activity
Unprotected sexual activity poses an immediate risk for sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy, making it the priority finding due to its potential for acute, serious health consequences compared to the other lifestyle-related findings.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Eats fast food several times per week — This is a lifestyle risk factor for long-term health issues but does not pose an immediate or urgent risk.
C. Engages in physical activity inconsistently — This is also a long-term risk factor for chronic disease but is not an urgent priority compared to unprotected sexual activity.
D. Has a body mass index (BMI) of 27 — A BMI of 27 falls into the overweight category, which is a health consideration but does not carry the same immediate risk as unprotected sexual activity.
A preschool-aged child who was previously toilet trained begins wetting the bed while hospitalized for an acute illness. How should the nurse best explain this behavior to the caregivers?
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The child is intentionally misbehaving and requires consistent discipline
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The behavior suggests inadequate toilet training by the caregivers
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Stress can cause temporary changes in previously learned behaviors
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The child is most likely experiencing an undiagnosed urinary tract infection
Explanation
Hospitalization and acute illness represent significant stressors for young children, and it is common for preschool-aged children to exhibit regression, temporarily reverting to earlier behaviors such as bedwetting, even after previously mastering skills like toilet training. This regression is a normal, expected coping response to stress rather than a sign of a deeper problem.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. The child is intentionally misbehaving and requires consistent discipline: This behavior is not intentional misbehavior but rather a normal stress response, and framing it as requiring discipline could be harmful and inappropriate for the child's emotional needs during hospitalization.
B. The behavior suggests inadequate toilet training by the caregivers: This regression is unrelated to the adequacy of prior toilet training and instead reflects a temporary stress response to the hospitalization experience.
D. The child is most likely experiencing an undiagnosed urinary tract infection: While a UTI should always be considered and ruled out as appropriate, regression due to stress is a common and expected explanation for this behavior in the context of acute illness and hospitalization, rather than assuming an undiagnosed infection.
Potential Risk → Options: Associated / Not Associated
Human trafficking → ? Work-related injury → ? Alcohol misuse → ? End-stage renal disease → ?
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Human trafficking → Associated
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Work-related injury → Associated
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Alcohol misuse → Associated
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End-stage renal disease → Not Associated
Explanation
Correct Answer:
Human trafficking → Associated Work-related injury → Associated Alcohol misuse → Associated End-stage renal disease → Not Associated
Young adults are at increased risk for human trafficking, work-related injury, and alcohol misuse due to factors such as entering the workforce, increased independence, social exposure, and lifestyle behaviors common during this developmental stage. End-stage renal disease is a chronic condition that typically develops over time and is more commonly associated with older adults or individuals with long-standing chronic illnesses such as diabetes or hypertension, making it not associated with the young adult stage specifically.
A nurse is assessing a middle-aged client who reports irregular menstrual cycles. What is the most likely cause?
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Ovarian cancer
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Perimenopause
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Thyroid dysfunction
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Pregnancy
Explanation
Perimenopause is the transitional period leading up to menopause, typically occurring in middle-aged women, during which hormonal fluctuations commonly cause irregular menstrual cycles. This is the most likely and statistically common cause of menstrual irregularity in this age group compared to other potential causes.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Ovarian cancer: While ovarian cancer can cause menstrual irregularities, it is a much less common cause compared to the nearly universal experience of perimenopause in middle-aged women.
C. Thyroid dysfunction: Thyroid disorders can contribute to menstrual irregularities, but perimenopause remains the more likely and common explanation for a middle-aged client experiencing this symptom.
D. Pregnancy: While pregnancy should always be considered and ruled out, it is statistically less likely to be the cause of irregular cycles in a middle-aged client compared to the expected hormonal changes of perimenopause.
A nurse assesses language development in a toddler. Which finding is expected?
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Speaks words that are most often unclear to others
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Uses 2-3 word phrases to communicate needs
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Primarily communicates through gestures
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Creates 5-6 word sentences regularly
Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Uses 2-3 word phrases to communicate needs
Toddlers typically develop the ability to combine words into short 2-3 word phrases to express their needs and wants, which is a hallmark of expected language development during the toddler stage (approximately ages 1-3 years).
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. Speaks words that are most often unclear to others — While toddlers may have some unclear speech, this should not be the predominant characteristic of their communication, as increasing clarity is expected with development.
C. Primarily communicates through gestures — Primary reliance on gestures is more characteristic of infants before the emergence of spoken language, not toddlers who are developing verbal communication.
D. Creates 5-6 word sentences regularly — This level of sentence complexity is more typical of preschool-aged children, not toddlers.
According to Piaget, which period of cognitive development aligns with a 16-year-old?
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Sensorimotor
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Formal operational
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Concrete operational
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Preoperational
Explanation
According to Piaget's stages of cognitive development, the formal operational stage typically begins around age 11 and continues into adulthood, characterized by the ability to think abstractly, reason hypothetically, and engage in logical problem-solving beyond concrete experiences. A 16-year-old would be expected to demonstrate these advanced cognitive capabilities consistent with this stage.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Sensorimotor: This stage occurs from birth to approximately 2 years of age, involving learning through sensory experiences and motor actions, which is far too early for a 16-year-old's cognitive development.
C. Concrete operational: This stage typically spans ages 7 to 11, characterized by logical thinking about concrete events, but a 16-year-old would have progressed beyond this stage into formal operational thinking.
D. Preoperational: This stage occurs approximately between ages 2 and 7, involving symbolic thinking but lacking logical reasoning, making it inappropriate for the cognitive abilities expected of a 16-year-old.
A nurse is caring for a 3-month-old. Which finding should concern the nurse?
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The infant has head lag when pulled to a sitting position.
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The infant cannot lift their head when placed prone.
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The infant turns from their back to their side.
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The infant is unable to sit without significant assistance.
Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) The infant cannot lift their head when placed prone.
By 3 months of age, an infant should be able to lift their head when placed in a prone position, demonstrating developing neck and upper body strength; the inability to do so may indicate a developmental delay and warrants further evaluation.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. The infant has head lag when pulled to a sitting position. — Some degree of head lag is still expected and normal at 3 months of age, as full head control typically develops by 4-6 months.
C. The infant turns from their back to their side. — This is an appropriate and expected motor milestone for a 3-month-old infant, reflecting normal development.
D. The infant is unable to sit without significant assistance. — Sitting without assistance is not an expected milestone at 3 months; independent sitting typically develops around 6 months of age.
Which development theory focuses on factors that shape an individual's understanding of right and wrong?
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Biophysical
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Moral
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Cognitive
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Psychosocial
Explanation
Moral development theory focuses specifically on how individuals form their understanding of right and wrong, ethical reasoning, and values over time, most notably described by theorists such as Kohlberg.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Biophysical — Biophysical development relates to physical growth and physiological changes, not ethical reasoning.
C. Cognitive — Cognitive development theory, such as Piaget's, focuses on how individuals think, reason, and process information, not specifically on morality.
D. Psychosocial — Psychosocial development, such as Erikson's theory, focuses on social relationships and identity formation across the lifespan, not specifically on moral reasoning.
The nurse discusses stress management with community members from the sandwich generation. Which statement by a community member indicates a need for further teaching?
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"I set boundaries with my time and commitments."
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"I avoid asking for help because it makes me feel weak."
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"I have started journaling to help process my emotions."
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"I've scheduled regular walks to clear my mind."
Explanation
Avoiding seeking help when needed is an unhealthy coping pattern, particularly for individuals in the sandwich generation who often face significant caregiving demands for both children and aging parents simultaneously. This statement indicates a need for further teaching, as healthy stress management involves recognizing when to seek support rather than viewing help-seeking as a weakness.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. "I set boundaries with my time and commitments.": This reflects a healthy stress management strategy, demonstrating effective self-care and time management skills.
C. "I have started journaling to help process my emotions.": This is a positive, healthy coping mechanism for managing stress and emotional processing.
D. "I've scheduled regular walks to clear my mind.": This represents a healthy, proactive stress management technique involving physical activity and mental clarity.
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