D340 Cyber Defense and Countermeasures
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Free D340 Cyber Defense and Countermeasures Questions
What is the primary motivation behind the actions of career criminals in the context of cybercrime?
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To gather intelligence for national security
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To engage in political activism
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To generate illegal financial gain
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To disrupt corporate operations
Explanation
Explanation:
Career criminals are primarily motivated by financial gain. They engage in cybercrime activities such as stealing credit card information, committing fraud, or selling illicit goods and services to earn money illegally. Unlike hackers motivated by political activism or national security interests, career criminals focus on personal profit, not ideology or state-sponsored objectives.
Correct Answer:
To generate illegal financial gain
A program that gives the attacker remote access control of your computer is specifically called a ________.
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Trojan horse
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spyware program
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cookie
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RAT
Explanation
Explanation:
A RAT, or Remote Access Trojan, is a type of malware that allows an attacker to gain remote access and control over an infected computer. Once installed, the attacker can manipulate files, monitor activity, install additional malware, or use the system as a platform for further attacks. While a Trojan horse is the broader category of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software, a RAT specifically provides remote control capabilities, making it distinct from general spyware or cookies.
Correct Answer:
RAT
What role do money mules play in cybercrime schemes?
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They are individuals who directly steal data from companies.
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They facilitate the transfer of illicit funds on behalf of cybercriminals.
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They develop malware to target financial institutions
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They provide technical support to victims of cyber attacks
Explanation
Explanation:
Money mules are individuals who help cybercriminals move or launder illicit funds, often unknowingly, from the victims to the attackers. They act as intermediaries to obscure the origin and destination of stolen money, making it harder for authorities to trace the financial trail. Unlike data thieves, malware developers, or technical support providers, money mules are primarily involved in the financial transfer aspect of cybercrime schemes.
Correct Answer:
They facilitate the transfer of illicit funds on behalf of cybercriminals
Which of the following describes IP spoofing?
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when an intruder uses another site's Internet Protocol address to masquerade as that other site
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a technique for obtaining unauthorized data that uses pretexting via email
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breaking into computers, servers, or networks to steal data such as computer lists, product inventory data, employee data, and other proprietary and confidential data
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a common scam involving a telephone caller who pretends to be from a credit card company and claims to be checking the validity of credit card numbers
Explanation
Explanation:
IP spoofing occurs when an attacker sends packets over a network while falsifying the source IP address to masquerade as another system. This technique can help the attacker bypass network security measures, impersonate trusted sources, or launch further attacks while concealing their true identity. Unlike phishing, pretexting, or general data theft, IP spoofing specifically involves manipulating IP addresses to deceive network systems.
Correct Answer:
when an intruder uses another site's Internet Protocol address to masquerade as that other site
What distinguishes spear phishing from general phishing attacks?
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It targets a broad audience indiscriminately
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It is aimed at specific individuals or small groups
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It only involves malware delivery
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It is exclusively conducted via social media
Explanation
Explanation:
Spear phishing is a targeted form of phishing in which attackers focus on specific individuals or small groups, often using personalized information to increase the likelihood of success. Unlike general phishing, which casts a wide net to reach many potential victims, spear phishing is more precise and tailored, increasing its effectiveness. It is not limited to malware delivery or social media, although it may use these channels.
Correct Answer:
It is aimed at specific individuals or small groups
Which of the following is a type of security attack that takes advantage of human errors of judgment to gain access to the attacker's objective?
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Social engineering
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IDS
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Biometrics
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Perimeter security
Explanation
Explanation:
Social engineering is a type of attack that manipulates individuals into making security mistakes or divulging confidential information. It exploits human psychology rather than technical vulnerabilities, tricking people into actions such as revealing passwords or providing unauthorized access. IDS (Intrusion Detection Systems), biometrics, and perimeter security are defensive mechanisms, not attacks, making social engineering the correct type of attack targeting human error.
Correct Answer:
Social engineering
What is a primary reason that attackers target intellectual property (IP) in cybercrime?
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To gain competitive advantage by stealing proprietary information
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To disrupt services and cause financial loss
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To recruit individuals for terrorist activities
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To spread malware across networks
Explanation
Explanation:
Attackers target intellectual property (IP) to steal proprietary information, such as designs, patents, formulas, or business strategies, which can provide them or their organization with a competitive advantage. This type of cybercrime focuses on obtaining valuable knowledge rather than directly disrupting services, recruiting individuals, or spreading malware. IP theft can have long-term economic and strategic consequences for the victim organization.
Correct Answer:
To gain competitive advantage by stealing proprietary information
Viruses that are attached to an executable file and activated when the file was ran by a user. Typically spread from system to system by sharing via floppy disk, flash drive or network drive.
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executable virus
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boot sector virus
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macro virus
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logic bomb
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worm virus
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trojan virus
Explanation
Explanation:
An executable virus is specifically designed to attach itself to executable files and is activated when the infected file is run by the user. These viruses spread through direct sharing of infected files via storage media or network drives. This type of virus differs from boot sector viruses, which infect system startup areas, macro viruses, which infect documents and macros, logic bombs, which trigger under specific conditions, worms, which self-replicate across networks, and trojan viruses, which disguise themselves as legitimate software.
Correct Answer:
executable virus
Extortion in theft of property accomplished by threat of:
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Immediate infliction of bodily harm
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Future infliction of bodily harm.
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Accusing someone of a crime.
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Revealing a secret that will expose someone to hatred, contempt or ridicule.
Explanation
Explanation:
Extortion involves obtaining property, money, or services from a victim through threats. These threats can take various forms, including the promise of immediate or future bodily harm, accusing someone falsely of a crime, or revealing sensitive information to cause public shame or reputational damage. The essence of extortion is coercion, where the victim is forced to comply due to fear of the threatened consequences.
Correct Answer:
Future infliction of bodily harm
A teacher receives an email to his school address. The email claims to be from their school's learning management system and asks him to verify his account credentials. He follows a link in the email to a website with a username and password box. The website doesn't look quite right, so he suspects it might be a phishing scam. What would be the safest next step?
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Type in his real username but use a fake password, so that he can see what's on the next screen.
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Call the help phone number listed on the bottom of the website and inquire about the legitimacy of the email.
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Check if the website is using HTTPS, and if so, he can safely enter his credentials.
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Follow his bookmarked link to the LMS website, and email their official support address to see if the email is real.
Explanation
Explanation:
The safest action is to avoid interacting with the suspicious link and instead use a trusted, bookmarked link to access the learning management system (LMS). Then, contacting the official support address ensures that the email's legitimacy is verified without exposing credentials to a potential phishing site. Typing credentials, even partially, or relying solely on HTTPS does not guarantee safety, as phishing websites can still mimic secure connections.
Correct Answer:
Follow his bookmarked link to the LMS website, and email their official support address to see if the email is real.
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