D340 Cyber Defense and Countermeasures
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Free D340 Cyber Defense and Countermeasures Questions
Users on your network receive an e-mail warning them of a dangerous computer virus. It instructs the user to delete files it claims were put there by the virus, but they are actually critical system files. This is an example of
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Social engineering
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Reverse social engineering
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A hoax
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Phishing
Explanation
Explanation:
This scenario describes a hoax. A hoax is a false warning or message intended to deceive users into taking harmful actions, such as deleting essential system files, based on incorrect information. Unlike phishing, which aims to steal sensitive data, or social engineering in general, which manipulates behavior for various malicious purposes, a hoax specifically relies on fear or misinformation to trick users without the attacker directly obtaining credentials or access.
Correct Answer:
A hoax
Most traditional external attackers were primarily motivated by ________
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stealing personal identity data
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the thrill of breaking in
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capturing thousands and thousands of credit card numbers
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making money through crime
Explanation
Explanation:
Historically, many traditional external attackers (often described as “hackers” in earlier eras) were driven largely by the thrill of breaking into systems — the challenge, curiosity, and the prestige among peers — rather than immediate financial gain. These attackers sought the intellectual satisfaction of bypassing defenses and demonstrating skill; while some later shifted to financially motivated crimes, the classic motive for many traditional intruders was the excitement and recognition of successful intrusions.
Correct Answer:
the thrill of breaking in
What is the primary purpose of conducting a port scan on a network host?
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To identify the operating system of the host
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To determine which applications are running on the host
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To exploit vulnerabilities in the host's software
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To monitor network traffic for suspicious activity
Explanation
Explanation:
The primary purpose of a port scan is to determine which applications or services are running on a network host by identifying open or closed ports. Open ports can indicate the presence of specific services or applications, which may later be analyzed for potential vulnerabilities. Port scanning is an essential reconnaissance step for both attackers and security professionals, as it helps in mapping the network and understanding its potential attack surface, rather than directly exploiting vulnerabilities or monitoring traffic.
Correct Answer:
To determine which applications are running on the host
Which of the following is a type of security attack that takes advantage of human errors of judgment to gain access to the attacker's objective?
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Social engineering
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IDS
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Biometrics
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Perimeter security
Explanation
Explanation:
Social engineering is a type of attack that manipulates individuals into making security mistakes or divulging confidential information. It exploits human psychology rather than technical vulnerabilities, tricking people into actions such as revealing passwords or providing unauthorized access. IDS (Intrusion Detection Systems), biometrics, and perimeter security are defensive mechanisms, not attacks, making social engineering the correct type of attack targeting human error.
Correct Answer:
Social engineering
Reconnaissance attacks are designed to
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Disrupt the network
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Gather information about the network
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Steal passwords
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Access the network
Explanation
Explanation:
Reconnaissance attacks are a type of cyberattack aimed at gathering information about a target network, system, or organization. Attackers use these methods to identify vulnerabilities, map network topology, and collect data that can be used for planning subsequent attacks. Unlike attacks that directly disrupt networks, steal passwords, or access systems, reconnaissance focuses on intelligence gathering to facilitate future exploitation.
Correct Answer:
Gather information about the network
What are the 2 types of internal attackers
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Careless insiders and malicious employees
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CEO and CFO
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Cyber criminals and lone wolf attackers
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Hacktivists and cyber terrorists
Explanation
Explanation:
Internal attackers are individuals within an organization who pose security risks. They are generally categorized as careless insiders, who unintentionally cause security breaches due to negligence, and malicious employees, who deliberately exploit their access for personal or financial gain. Other options, such as CEOs, CFOs, external cyber criminals, hacktivists, or cyber terrorists, refer to external threats or specific roles and are not the standard classification of internal attackers.
Correct Answer:
Careless insiders and malicious employees
What term is commonly used to describe individuals who lack advanced hacking skills but utilize existing tools and scripts created by others to conduct cyber attacks?
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White hat
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Script kiddie
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Black hat
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Cyber warrior
Explanation
Explanation:
A script kiddie is an individual who conducts cyber attacks using pre-existing hacking tools or scripts developed by others, without a deep understanding of the underlying techniques. They typically lack advanced technical skills and rely on the work of more experienced hackers to execute attacks. Unlike white-hat hackers, who work ethically, or black-hat hackers, who are skilled malicious attackers, script kiddies are often seen as less capable and opportunistic.
Correct Answer:
Script kiddie
________ is the destruction of hardware, software, or data.
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Sabotage
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Hacking
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Extortion
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Denial of Service
Explanation
Explanation:
Sabotage refers to the intentional destruction or disruption of hardware, software, or data, typically to cause harm to an organization. Unlike hacking, which is unauthorized access, extortion, which involves coercion for gain, or denial-of-service attacks, which overwhelm systems, sabotage specifically involves deliberate damage to physical or digital assets.
Correct Answer:
Sabotage
Instructions or code that executes on an end user's machine from a web browser is known as _________ code.
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Active X
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JavaScript
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Malware
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Windows Scripting
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Mobile
Explanation
Explanation:
JavaScript is a programming language commonly used to execute instructions directly in a web browser on the client side. It can provide dynamic content, interactivity, and automation in web pages. While it can sometimes be exploited for malicious purposes, its defining feature is that it runs in the end user’s browser. Other options like ActiveX, Windows Scripting, or mobile code refer to different execution environments or contexts.
Correct Answer:
JavaScript
A security incident where confidential data is copied, viewed, or stolen by an unauthorized party is a:
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security breach
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PII violation
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data breach
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security failure
Explanation
Explanation:
When confidential data is copied, viewed, or stolen by someone who is not authorized to access it, the situation is described as a data breach. A data breach specifically refers to the unauthorized access or disclosure of protected information, and it can include exposure of personally identifiable information (PII) but is broader than the term "PII violation." It is not simply a generic security failure or the more general phrase "security breach" in the sense the question intends—data breach is the most precise term for unauthorized copying, viewing, or theft of data.
Correct Answer:
data breach
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