D340 Cyber Defense and Countermeasures
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Free D340 Cyber Defense and Countermeasures Questions
Software that captures keystrokes; used to gather private information such as passwords.
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Adware
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Backups
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Malware
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Cloud
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Keylogger
Explanation
Explanation:
A keylogger is a type of software specifically designed to record every keystroke made on a computer or device. This information can include sensitive data such as passwords, credit card numbers, and personal messages, which can then be sent to an attacker without the user’s knowledge. While malware is a broad category of harmful software, the keylogger is the precise tool used for capturing keystrokes, distinguishing it from adware, backups, or cloud services.
Correct Answer:
Keylogger
Reconnaissance attacks are designed to
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Disrupt the network
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Gather information about the network
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Steal passwords
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Access the network
Explanation
Explanation:
Reconnaissance attacks are a type of cyberattack aimed at gathering information about a target network, system, or organization. Attackers use these methods to identify vulnerabilities, map network topology, and collect data that can be used for planning subsequent attacks. Unlike attacks that directly disrupt networks, steal passwords, or access systems, reconnaissance focuses on intelligence gathering to facilitate future exploitation.
Correct Answer:
Gather information about the network
What distinguishes spear phishing from general phishing attacks?
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It targets a broad audience indiscriminately
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It is aimed at specific individuals or small groups
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It only involves malware delivery
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It is exclusively conducted via social media
Explanation
Explanation:
Spear phishing is a targeted form of phishing in which attackers focus on specific individuals or small groups, often using personalized information to increase the likelihood of success. Unlike general phishing, which casts a wide net to reach many potential victims, spear phishing is more precise and tailored, increasing its effectiveness. It is not limited to malware delivery or social media, although it may use these channels.
Correct Answer:
It is aimed at specific individuals or small groups
What is the primary function of a Remote Access Trojan (RAT) in the context of cyber threats?
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To encrypt files and demand ransom
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To provide the attacker with remote control of the infected computer
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To gather sensitive information without detection
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To disable antivirus software on the victim's machine
Explanation
Explanation:
A Remote Access Trojan (RAT) is a type of malware that allows an attacker to gain unauthorized remote control over an infected computer. Once installed, the attacker can manipulate files, monitor user activity, install additional malware, and use the system as a platform for further attacks. Unlike ransomware, which encrypts files for extortion, or spyware, which focuses on gathering information, the key feature of a RAT is its ability to give the attacker complete remote access to the victim’s machine.
Correct Answer:
To provide the attacker with remote control of the infected computer
What potential security risks do temporary workers present to organizations?
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They are always monitored and pose no risk.
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They may retain access credentials after their contract ends, similar to full-time employees.
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They are less likely to engage in malicious activities than permanent staff.
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They typically have limited access to sensitive information.
Explanation
Explanation:
Temporary workers may pose a security risk because they can retain access credentials or system permissions even after their contract ends, potentially allowing unauthorized access to organizational systems. Unlike permanent staff, they might not have a long-term loyalty to the organization, and oversight may be limited once they leave. The other options underestimate their risk or incorrectly claim they are always monitored or inherently safe.
Correct Answer:
They may retain access credentials after their contract ends, similar to full-time employees.
What is the correct definition of a cybersecurity exploit?
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A tool or technique for taking advantage of a cybersecurity vulnerability to break into a system and cause harm.
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The act of executing malicious activity on a system, such as infecting it with a virus, installing spyware, or taking it hostage.
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A weakness or flaw in system security procedures, design, implementation, or control that compromises the safety of the system
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A hacker or intruder who exploits a flaw in system security to remotely access and threaten the security of a network.
Explanation
Explanation:
A cybersecurity exploit is a tool or technique that takes advantage of a vulnerability in a system to gain unauthorized access or cause harm. Exploits are the methods attackers use to breach security, leveraging weaknesses in software, hardware, or procedures. Unlike the vulnerability itself, which is the flaw, or a hacker, who is the actor, the exploit is the mechanism that enables the attack.
Correct Answer:
A tool or technique for taking advantage of a cybersecurity vulnerability to break into a system and cause harm
What are unintentional acts of employees?
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Deleting files accidentally.
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Spreading malware intentionally.
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Corporate espionage.
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Packet sniffing.
Explanation
Explanation:
Unintentional acts of employees refer to actions taken without malicious intent that can still cause harm to an organization’s systems or data. An example is accidentally deleting important files, which can lead to data loss or operational disruption. Unlike intentional acts such as spreading malware, engaging in corporate espionage, or packet sniffing, unintentional acts occur due to mistakes, lack of knowledge, or carelessness rather than deliberate malicious activity.
Correct Answer:
Deleting files accidentally.
Most traditional external attackers were primarily motivated by ________
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stealing personal identity data
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the thrill of breaking in
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capturing thousands and thousands of credit card numbers
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making money through crime
Explanation
Explanation:
Historically, many traditional external attackers (often described as “hackers” in earlier eras) were driven largely by the thrill of breaking into systems — the challenge, curiosity, and the prestige among peers — rather than immediate financial gain. These attackers sought the intellectual satisfaction of bypassing defenses and demonstrating skill; while some later shifted to financially motivated crimes, the classic motive for many traditional intruders was the excitement and recognition of successful intrusions.
Correct Answer:
the thrill of breaking in
What is the primary purpose of a bug bounty program in the context of cybersecurity?
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To punish hackers for exploiting vulnerabilities
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To reward researchers for identifying security weaknesses
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To provide free software to users
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To train employees on cybersecurity best practices
Explanation
Explanation:
A bug bounty program is designed to incentivize ethical hackers and security researchers to identify and report vulnerabilities in software or systems. Organizations offer rewards, recognition, or monetary compensation for discovering security weaknesses before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach strengthens security by leveraging external expertise, rather than punishing hackers, providing free software, or focusing on internal employee training.
Correct Answer:
To reward researchers for identifying security weaknesses
What is a primary reason that attackers target intellectual property (IP) in cybercrime?
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To gain competitive advantage by stealing proprietary information
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To disrupt services and cause financial loss
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To recruit individuals for terrorist activities
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To spread malware across networks
Explanation
Explanation:
Attackers target intellectual property (IP) to steal proprietary information, such as designs, patents, formulas, or business strategies, which can provide them or their organization with a competitive advantage. This type of cybercrime focuses on obtaining valuable knowledge rather than directly disrupting services, recruiting individuals, or spreading malware. IP theft can have long-term economic and strategic consequences for the victim organization.
Correct Answer:
To gain competitive advantage by stealing proprietary information
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