Nursing 3381- Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing of Individuals, Families, and Groups
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Free Nursing 3381- Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing of Individuals, Families, and Groups Questions
How does a psychiatric nurse best implement the ethical principle of autonomy?
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Intervening when a self-mutilating patient attempts to harm self
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Exploring alternative options with a patient, regarding medications
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Suggesting that two patients who are fighting be restricted to the unit
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Staying with a patient who is demonstrating a high level of anxiety
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Exploring alternative options with a patient, regarding medications.
Detailed Explanation:
The ethical principle of autonomy refers to a patient’s right to make informed decisions about their own care. By exploring alternative options regarding medication, the nurse respects the patient’s freedom to choose based on personal values, beliefs, and understanding of potential benefits and risks. This approach supports shared decision-making and promotes trust, empowerment, and respect for the patient’s individuality and self-determination.
Which principle should guide the nurse in determining when to use silence during a patient interview?
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Patients withdraw if silences are prolonged.
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Nurses are responsible for breaking silences.
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Silence can provide meaningful moments for reflection
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Silence helps patients know that what they said is understood.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Silence can provide meaningful moments for reflection.
Detailed Explanation:
Therapeutic silence is an important communication tool in psychiatric and therapeutic settings. It allows both the patient and the nurse time to process thoughts, emotions, and information. When used appropriately, silence encourages patients to reflect more deeply, organize their thoughts, and share at their own pace. It communicates respect, patience, and acceptance, especially when discussing emotionally charged or complex topics.
The nurse must be comfortable with silence and use nonverbal cues, such as an attentive posture and eye contact, to convey presence and support.
A nurse assesses a newly admitted patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Which statement is an example of “attending”?
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“You will feel better after we get some antidepressant medication started for you.”
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“We all have stress in life. Being in a psychiatric hospital is not the end of the world.”
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“I’d like to sit with you for a while, so you may feel more comfortable talking with me.”
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“Tell me why you felt you had to be hospitalized to receive treatment for your depression.”
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. “I’d like to sit with you for a while, so you may feel more comfortable talking with me.”
Detailed Explanation:
Attending is a therapeutic communication technique in which the nurse demonstrates presence, active listening, and genuine interest in the patient. By offering to sit quietly and provide supportive presence, the nurse conveys empathy, respect, and a willingness to engage without pressure. This nonverbal and verbal behavior encourages trust and comfort, allowing the patient to open up in a safe, therapeutic environment.
A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia had an exacerbation of hallucinations and delusions related to medication non-adherence and was hospitalized for 10 days. The patient is stabilized and discharge is planned. The patient's family is concerned that the patient's symptoms will return after discharge. Acting as an advocate for the patient's rights, the nurse's best response is:
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To contact the psychiatrist for an order to cancel the impending discharge.
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To notify hospital security to handle a potential disturbance and escort the family off the unit.
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To ask the case manager to arrange a transfer to a long-term care facility.
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To explain that the patient will continue to improve if the medication is taken regularly.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. To explain that the patient will continue to improve if the medication is taken regularly.
Detailed Explanation:
The nurse’s role as an advocate includes educating both the patient and family about the illness, treatment, and recovery process. The best response reassures the family and emphasizes the importance of medication adherence to prevent relapse and maintain stability after discharge. This approach supports the patient’s right to the least restrictive environment while promoting self-management and family involvement in ongoing care.
Excess levels of which neurotransmitter are associated with the hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior seen in schizophrenia?
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Serotonin
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γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
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Dopamine
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Acetylcholine
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Dopamine.
Detailed Explanation:
The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia proposes that excess dopamine activity, particularly in the mesolimbic pathway, is responsible for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia—such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and bizarre behavior. Overstimulation of D₂ (dopamine) receptors in this brain region leads to abnormal perception and thought processes.
First-generation (typical) antipsychotic medications, such as haloperidol and chlorpromazine, work by blocking dopamine receptors, thereby reducing these psychotic symptoms.
As part of a class activity, nursing students are engaged in a small group discussion about the epidemiology of mental illness. Which statement best explains the importance of epidemiology in understanding the impact of mental disorders?
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Epidemiology predicts when a specific psychiatric client will recover from a specific mental disorder.
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Epidemiology provides a thorough theoretical explanation of why specific mental disorders occur.
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Epidemiology helps explain research findings about the neurophysiology that causes mental disorders.
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Epidemiology is the study of patterns of disease distribution and determinants of health within populations.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Epidemiology is the study of patterns of disease distribution and determinants of health within populations.
Detailed Explanation:
Epidemiology is the branch of science that studies how diseases and health conditions are distributed in populations and what factors influence their occurrence. In mental health, epidemiology helps identify the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, or anxiety, enabling public health professionals and nurses to design effective prevention, early intervention, and treatment programs.
Understanding epidemiologic data also helps guide mental health policy, resource allocation, and community-based interventions, making it a vital part of psychiatric nursing education and practice.
A nurse should assess a patient taking a medication with anticholinergic properties for inhibition of what function?
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Peripheral nervous system
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Sympathetic nervous system
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Parasympathetic nervous system
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Reticular activating system
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Parasympathetic nervous system.
Detailed Explanation:
Medications with anticholinergic properties block the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system. Because the parasympathetic system controls “rest and digest” functions, inhibition leads to decreased secretions and smooth muscle activity. As a result, patients may experience dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, and tachycardia.
A team of nurses wants to integrate evidence-based practice into a facility's clinical pathways. Which step should the team implement first?
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Apply the research findings to clinical practice
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Ask questions to identify clinical problems
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Acquire findings from published literature
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Assess the performance of clinical practices
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Ask questions to identify clinical problems.
Detailed Explanation:
The first step in the evidence-based practice (EBP) process is to ask a well-formulated clinical question that identifies a problem or area for improvement. This step guides the rest of the process by focusing the inquiry on a specific, measurable, and relevant issue. The PICO framework (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) is often used to structure these questions.
Once the clinical problem is clearly defined, the team can acquire evidence from credible sources, appraise the quality and applicability of the research, apply the findings to practice, and finally assess outcomes to determine effectiveness.
A client is newly prescribed a medication that will block the effects of histamine for the treatment of a mental health disorder. The client asks, “What side effects should I anticipate with this new medication?” Which response by the nurse is accurate?
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"You should expect weight loss."
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"You should expect to feel drowsy."
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"You should expect to experience insomnia."
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"You should expect your blood pressure to increase."
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. "You should expect to feel drowsy."
Detailed Explanation:
Medications that block histamine (H₁) receptors—such as certain antipsychotics, antidepressants, and sedative agents—commonly cause sedation and drowsiness. Histamine plays a role in wakefulness and alertness in the central nervous system, so inhibiting its action produces a calming or sleep-inducing effect. Some histamine-blocking drugs can also cause weight gain and increased appetite, but drowsiness is the most prominent and immediate side effect.
A client experiences panic attacks when confronted with riding in elevators. The nurse is teaching the client to use relaxation techniques while gradually exposing the client to getting on an elevator. Which technique is the nurse using?
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Flooding
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Systematic desensitization
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Combination therapy
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Cognitive restructuring
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Systematic desensitization.
Detailed Explanation:
Systematic desensitization is a behavioral therapy technique used to help clients overcome phobias or anxiety-producing situations. It involves gradual exposure to the feared object or situation—starting with less anxiety-provoking steps and progressing to more challenging ones—while teaching relaxation or coping techniques to manage anxiety at each stage. This method helps the client associate relaxation rather than fear with the anxiety trigger, leading to decreased panic responses over time.
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