Nursing 3381- Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing of Individuals, Families, and Groups
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Free Nursing 3381- Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing of Individuals, Families, and Groups Questions
Which statement most clearly reflects the stigma of mental illness?
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"Mental illness can be evidence of a brain disorder."
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"Many mental illnesses are a result of genetic predisposition."
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"Even children may have diagnosable mental health conditions."
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"Mental illness is a result of the breakdown of the American family."
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. "Mental illness is a result of the breakdown of the American family."
Detailed Explanation:
Stigma refers to negative, misinformed, and discriminatory beliefs about people with mental illness. The statement that “mental illness is a result of the breakdown of the American family” reflects stigma because it blames social or moral failure rather than recognizing mental illness as a medical condition influenced by biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Such beliefs contribute to shame, misunderstanding, and barriers to treatment for those affected.
A team of nurses wants to integrate evidence-based practice into a facility's clinical pathways. Which step should the team implement first?
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Apply the research findings to clinical practice
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Ask questions to identify clinical problems
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Acquire findings from published literature
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Assess the performance of clinical practices
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Ask questions to identify clinical problems.
Detailed Explanation:
The first step in the evidence-based practice (EBP) process is to ask a well-formulated clinical question that identifies a problem or area for improvement. This step guides the rest of the process by focusing the inquiry on a specific, measurable, and relevant issue. The PICO framework (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) is often used to structure these questions.
Once the clinical problem is clearly defined, the team can acquire evidence from credible sources, appraise the quality and applicability of the research, apply the findings to practice, and finally assess outcomes to determine effectiveness.
Your patient sometimes forgets to eat. In which part of the nursing care plan would the nurse expect to find this statement:
"Offer snacks and finger foods frequently."
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Intervention
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Planning/Goals
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Assessment
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Diagnosis
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Intervention.
Detailed Explanation:
The statement “Offer snacks and finger foods frequently” describes a nursing intervention, which outlines the specific actions the nurse will take to address an identified patient problem. Interventions are designed to help the patient achieve established goals and are based on the nurse’s clinical judgment and evidence-based practice.
In this case, offering snacks and finger foods is a behavioral and environmental strategy intended to promote adequate nutrition for a patient who forgets to eat—often due to cognitive impairment, depression, or another mental health condition.
As part of a class activity, nursing students are engaged in a small group discussion about the epidemiology of mental illness. Which statement best explains the importance of epidemiology in understanding the impact of mental disorders?
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Epidemiology predicts when a specific psychiatric client will recover from a specific mental disorder.
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Epidemiology provides a thorough theoretical explanation of why specific mental disorders occur.
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Epidemiology helps explain research findings about the neurophysiology that causes mental disorders.
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Epidemiology is the study of patterns of disease distribution and determinants of health within populations.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Epidemiology is the study of patterns of disease distribution and determinants of health within populations.
Detailed Explanation:
Epidemiology is the branch of science that studies how diseases and health conditions are distributed in populations and what factors influence their occurrence. In mental health, epidemiology helps identify the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, or anxiety, enabling public health professionals and nurses to design effective prevention, early intervention, and treatment programs.
Understanding epidemiologic data also helps guide mental health policy, resource allocation, and community-based interventions, making it a vital part of psychiatric nursing education and practice.
On the basis of current knowledge of neurotransmitter effects, a nurse anticipates that the treatment plan for a patient with memory difficulties may include medications designed to do what?
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Decrease dopamine at receptor sites
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Inhibit GABA production
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Prevent destruction of acetylcholine
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Increase dopamine sensitivity
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Prevent destruction of acetylcholine.
Detailed Explanation:
Acetylcholine (ACh) plays a key role in learning, memory, and attention. In conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, there is a deficiency of acetylcholine due to the increased activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which breaks it down. Medications such as donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne) work by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, thereby preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine and enhancing cholinergic transmission in the brain. This helps improve or stabilize cognitive function.
A nurse assesses a newly admitted patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Which statement is an example of “attending”?
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“You will feel better after we get some antidepressant medication started for you.”
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“We all have stress in life. Being in a psychiatric hospital is not the end of the world.”
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“I’d like to sit with you for a while, so you may feel more comfortable talking with me.”
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“Tell me why you felt you had to be hospitalized to receive treatment for your depression.”
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. “I’d like to sit with you for a while, so you may feel more comfortable talking with me.”
Detailed Explanation:
Attending is a therapeutic communication technique in which the nurse demonstrates presence, active listening, and genuine interest in the patient. By offering to sit quietly and provide supportive presence, the nurse conveys empathy, respect, and a willingness to engage without pressure. This nonverbal and verbal behavior encourages trust and comfort, allowing the patient to open up in a safe, therapeutic environment.
After a client has been prescribed fluoxetine (Prozac) for a diagnosis of anxiety disorder, which of the following information should the nurse be sure to include in the client teaching?
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The client should not stop this medication abruptly to avoid discontinuation syndrome.
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The client may experience frequent constipation and should increase their intake of dietary fiber.
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This medication takes 4–6 months to be effective; the client should be told to be patient.
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This medication can cause addiction, so the client should not take more than prescribed.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. The client should not stop this medication abruptly to avoid discontinuation syndrome.
Detailed Explanation:
Fluoxetine (Prozac) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used to treat anxiety and depressive disorders. When stopped abruptly, it can lead to SSRI discontinuation syndrome, characterized by symptoms such as dizziness, anxiety, irritability, sensory disturbances, and flu-like symptoms. The nurse should emphasize gradual tapering of the dose under medical supervision. Fluoxetine typically begins to show improvement within 2 to 4 weeks, not months, and is not habit-forming.
A patient discloses several concerns and associated feelings. If the nurse wants to seek clarification, which comment would be appropriate?
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“Am I correct in understanding that...?”
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“What are the common elements here?”
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“Tell me everything from the beginning.”
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“Tell me again about your experiences.”
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. “Am I correct in understanding that...?”
Detailed Explanation:
When the nurse seeks clarification, the goal is to ensure an accurate understanding of what the patient has communicated. The phrase “Am I correct in understanding that...?” invites the patient to confirm, expand, or correct the nurse’s interpretation. This response promotes mutual understanding, avoids assumptions, and shows active listening — all key components of therapeutic communication.
Clarification allows the nurse to restate or summarize what the patient has said in order to verify meaning before moving further in the conversation. It demonstrates respect for the patient’s perspective and fosters trust.
A patient presents with anxiety, increased heart rate, and fear. The nurse suspects the activation of which neurotransmitter?
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Histamine
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Acetylcholine
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GABA
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Norepinephrine
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Norepinephrine.
Detailed Explanation:
The neurotransmitter norepinephrine is primarily responsible for triggering the body’s “fight-or-flight” response through activation of the sympathetic nervous system. When released, it increases heart rate, blood pressure, alertness, and arousal, preparing the body to respond to perceived threats. Excessive activation of norepinephrine pathways in the brain and body is closely associated with symptoms of anxiety, fear, and panic. This heightened adrenergic activity can also cause physical manifestations such as palpitations, sweating, and tremors.
A patient is undergoing diagnostic tests. The patient says, "Nothing is wrong with me except a stubborn chest cold." The spouse reports that the patient smokes, coughs daily, has recently lost 15 pounds, and is easily fatigued. Which defense mechanism is the patient using?
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Projection
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Regression
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Denial
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Displacement
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Denial.
Detailed Explanation:
Denial is an ego defense mechanism in which an individual refuses to acknowledge painful or threatening realities. In this case, despite clear signs of possible serious illness (chronic cough, weight loss, fatigue), the patient insists that only a “stubborn chest cold” is the problem. Denial serves as a temporary protective response to reduce anxiety and fear associated with potentially bad news, such as a serious lung condition or cancer.
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