NUR 123 Exam #2 Fall 2025

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Free NUR 123 Exam #2 Fall 2025 Questions

1.

Which instructions would the nurse provide for the patient receiving the anti-tumor antibiotic doxorubicin?

  • To drink beverages containing alcohol in moderate amount.

  • To take acetylsalicylic acid as needed for headache.

  • To consult with health care providers before receiving immunizations.

  • To avoid hot foods and high fiber-rich foods.

Explanation

Explanation
Correct Answer:
 C. To consult with health care providers before receiving immunizations.

Explanation:

Doxorubicin is a chemotherapy drug that can suppress the immune system, increasing the risk of infections. Because of this immunosuppressive effect, it is essential for patients receiving doxorubicin to consult with their healthcare provider before receiving any vaccinations, especially live vaccines. The immune system may not respond properly, or the vaccine may pose an increased risk of infection during chemotherapy. It’s important to discuss any vaccinations to ensure they are safe to administer.

2.

Match each type of oral antidiabetic drug with its correct drug class.

A. Metformin
 B. Glipizide
 C. Repaglinide
 D. Pioglitazone

Possible Answers:

  1. Sulfonylurea
  2. Meglitinide
  3. Biguanide
  4. Thiazolidinedione

  • Metformin

  • Glipizide

  • Repaglinide

  • Pioglitazone

Explanation

Explanation
Correct Answer:
  • A. Metformin → 3. Biguanide
  • B. Glipizide → 1. Sulfonylurea
  • C. Repaglinide → 2. Meglitinide
  • D. Pioglitazone → 4. Thiazolidinedione

Explanation
A. Metformin → 3. Biguanide
 Metformin is a biguanide class drug used primarily in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It works by decreasing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity.

B. Glipizide → 1. Sulfonylurea
 Glipizide is a sulfonylurea that works by stimulating the pancreas to release more insulin. It is commonly used in type 2 diabetes management.

C. Repaglinide → 2. Meglitinide
 Repaglinide is a meglitinide, which works similarly to sulfonylureas but with a faster onset and shorter duration of action. It stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas but is typically taken with meals.

D. Pioglitazone → 4. Thiazolidinedione
 Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione, which works by improving insulin sensitivity in muscle and adipose tissue and reducing glucose production in the liver. It is used to treat type 2 diabetes.

3.

The nurse recognizes that the antimetabolite drug, methotrexate, is contraindicated in which patient condition?

  • Pregnancy

  • Mucositis

  • Cardiac dysrhythmias

  • Brain cancer

Explanation

Explanation
Correct Answer:
 A. Pregnancy

Explanation:
 Methotrexate is a potent antimetabolite used in cancer treatment and autoimmune conditions. However, it is contraindicated during pregnancy because it is classified as a teratogen. Methotrexate can cause severe birth defects and fetal harm by interfering with the development of the fetus. Therefore, it should not be used by pregnant women, and adequate contraception should be used during treatment. If pregnancy occurs, methotrexate should be discontinued immediately due to its potential risks to fetal development.

4.

The nurse knows that which med is given to a patient who is experiencing a hypoglycemic reaction in the emergency department?

  • 500 mLs of D5W

  • Insulin

  • Toast and peanut butter

  • Glucagon

Explanation

Explanation
Correct Answer:
 A. 500 mLs of D5W

Explanation

A. 500 mLs of D5W
 In an emergency department setting, the first-line treatment for severe hypoglycemia is usually intravenous dextrose (D5W). This solution rapidly raises blood glucose levels. The 500 mLs of D5W provides a high concentration of glucose that can help treat acute hypoglycemia in patients who are unable to ingest food or oral glucose due to altered consciousness or other complications. Administering IV dextrose is a fast and effective way to treat severe hypoglycemia.

5.

What drug helps to stop seizures related to lidocaine toxicity?

  • Dantrolene

  • Flumazenil

  • Midazolam

  • Neostigmine

Explanation

Explanation
Correct Answer:
 A. Dantrolene

Explanation:
 Dantrolene is used to stop seizures associated with lidocaine toxicity. It works by reducing muscle metabolism and controlling the excessive release of calcium, which can contribute to muscle spasms and seizures.

6.

A nurse is preparing to administer metformin 500 mg PO BID to a patient. Which factor would contraindicate the administration of metformin to this patient?

  • A history of hypertension

  • Allergy to sulfonamides

  • A history of renal disease

  • The ingestion of carbohydrates

Explanation

Explanation
Correct Answer:
 C. A history of renal disease

Explanation:
 Metformin is contraindicated in patients with a history of renal disease, particularly those with impaired kidney function, as it is primarily excreted through the kidneys. Renal dysfunction can lead to the accumulation of metformin in the body, increasing the risk of lactic acidosis, a rare but serious side effect. Kidney function should be assessed before initiating metformin, and it should be avoided in patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 30 mL/min.

7.

What drug is used to reverse muscle paralysis caused by pancuronium?

  • Neostigmine

  • Dantrolene

  • Flumazenil

  • Midazolam

Explanation

Explanation
Correct Answer:
 A. Neostigmine

Explanation:
 Neostigmine is used to reverse muscle paralysis caused by non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers such as pancuronium. It works by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, which allows acetylcholine to accumulate at the neuromuscular junction, thereby stimulating muscle contraction.

8.

Which anesthetic drug is used during surgery because it helps open the airways (bronchodilation) in patients with asthma?

  • Midazolam

  • Propofol

  • Pentobarbital

  • Ketamine

Explanation

Explanation
Correct Answer:
 D. Ketamine

Explanation

D. Ketamine
 Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that has bronchodilatory properties, making it particularly useful in patients with asthma or other respiratory conditions. It works by inhibiting the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors, leading to sedation and analgesia, while also causing relaxation of the bronchial muscles, which helps in opening the airways. This makes ketamine a preferred choice for asthmatic patients undergoing surgery, as it reduces the risk of bronchospasm and helps maintain airway patency.

9.

The patient received NPH insulin 30 units subcutaneously at 0730. What time is the nurse most likely to observe signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?

  • 1130-1430

  • 1130-1930

  • 1530-1930

  • 0930-1030

Explanation

Explanation
Correct Answer:
 A. 1130-1430

Explanation:
 NPH insulin (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) is an intermediate-acting insulin, which typically peaks in 4 to 12 hours after administration. Given that the patient received 30 units at 0730, the peak action of NPH insulin would likely occur between 1130 and 1430. During this time, blood glucose levels are more likely to drop, which may lead to signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, such as shakiness, sweating, and confusion. Therefore, the nurse should closely monitor the patient during this window.

10.

Which information should the nurse know is a common effect of ketamine?

  • This medication will take approximately 30 minutes to begin working

  • Your child does not need to be on a cardiac monitor for the procedure

  • Be certain to turn up the lights and stimulate him to wake up as soon as possible in recovery

  • Nystagmus and hallucinations are common effects of this medication

Explanation

Explanation
Correct Answer:
 D. Nystagmus and hallucinations are common effects of this medication

Explanation

D. Nystagmus and hallucinations are common effects of this medication
 Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that is often used for sedation and analgesia. Common side effects include nystagmus (involuntary eye movements) and hallucinations. These effects are due to the drug's impact on the central nervous system and its action as an NMDA receptor antagonist. Nystagmus and hallucinations can occur during and after recovery, so nurses should be prepared to manage these symptoms.

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