Scripting and Programming (Foundations) D278
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Free Scripting and Programming (Foundations) D278 Questions
A programmer wants a compiler to report an error if an integer variable is assigned with a string. Which kind of language should the programmer use?
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Object-oriented
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Statically typed
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Markup
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Dynamically typed
Explanation
The programmer should use a statically typed language. In statically typed languages, variable types are checked at compile time, so if an integer variable is assigned a string, a compile-time error will occur.
Correct answer
B) Statically typed
An algorithm should output "OK" if a number is between 98.3 and 98.9, else the output is "Not OK."
Which test is a valid test of the algorithm?
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Input 986. Ensure output is "Not OK."
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Input 99.9. Ensure output is "98.9."
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Input 98.6. Ensure output is "OK"
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Input 99.9. Ensure output is "OK."
Explanation
Correct answer: (C.) Input 98.6. Ensure output is "OK"
A valid test of an algorithm checks whether the program behaves correctly for a given input according to the specified conditions. The algorithm specifies that numbers between 98.3 and 98.9 should produce "OK." Option C tests a number (98.6) within this range and expects the correct output "OK," making it a valid test. The other options either use inputs outside the range without matching expected behavior or provide incorrect expected outputs.
There are 6 steps to the Program Development Life Cycle. Which step is this: __________ : What are we trying to do. Specify this in as much detail, write it down.
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Problem definition
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Coding & Documentation
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Testing and Debugging
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Maintenance and Final Documentation
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Problem Analysis
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Algorithm Development
Explanation
Correct Answer A. Problem definition
Explanation
The problem definition stage involves understanding and documenting what the program is supposed to accomplish. This step is the first phase in the program development life cycle, where you specify the problem in as much detail as possible and begin formulating the needs and objectives of the program.
Why other options are wrong
B. Coding & Documentation
This is incorrect because coding and documentation come after problem definition. In this phase, the actual programming work begins based on the previously defined problem.
C. Testing and Debugging
This is incorrect because testing and debugging occur after the program is written. It is focused on ensuring that the program works as intended and fixing any issues.
D. Maintenance and Final Documentation
This is incorrect because maintenance and final documentation happen after the program has been implemented and is running. This stage involves updating and keeping the program functional, along with creating final reports.
E. Problem Analysis
This is incorrect because problem analysis involves studying the problem in-depth and understanding its components, which happens as part of the problem definition. However, it’s not the same as explicitly writing down the problem’s details.
F. Algorithm Development
This is incorrect because algorithm development follows the problem definition phase. In this stage, solutions are developed to address the problem, but the problem itself must first be clearly defined.
A program uses the number of seconds in a minute in various calculations. How should the item that holds the number of seconds in a minute be declared?
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Constant integer secondsPerMinute
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Variable float userTime
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Variable integer secondsPerMinute
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Constant float userTime
Explanation
The number of seconds in a minute (60) is a fixed value, so it should be declared as a constant integer. This ensures that the value cannot be modified during the program’s execution, providing reliability in calculations.
Correct answer
A) Constant integer secondsPerMinute
A program should continue accepting input numbers, adding each to a sum, until a 0 is input. Which control structure should be used?
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If statement
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Multiple if statements
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While loop
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For loop
Explanation
Explanation
The best control structure for this scenario is a while loop. It allows the program to keep accepting input and adding to the sum until the condition (input being 0) is met, at which point the loop terminates.
Correct answer
C) While loop
A programmer has been hired to create an inventory system for the books in a library. What is the waterfall phase in which outlining all the functions that need to be written to support the inventory system?
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Analysis
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Implementation
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Design
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Testing
Explanation
Explanation
Correct answer: (C.) Design
In the waterfall model, the design phase comes after analysis and before implementation. During design, the team decides how the system will be built, which includes outlining all the functions, modules, and components needed to meet the requirements. Analysis determines what the system must do, implementation is the actual coding, and testing verifies that the system works correctly. Therefore, identifying and outlining all necessary functions occurs during the design phase.
What does a function definition consist of?
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An invocation of a function's name
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The function's name, inputs, outputs, and statements
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The function's argument values
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A list of all other functions that call the function
Explanation
Correct answer: (B) The function's name, inputs, outputs, and statements
A function definition specifies how a function works. It includes the function’s name, the inputs it accepts (parameters), the outputs it produces (return values), and the statements or code that are executed when the function is called. Simply invoking the function, listing argument values, or noting which functions call it does not define the function itself.
A function should convert a Fahrenheit temperature (F) to a Celsius temperature (C).
What should be the output from the function?
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F only
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F and C
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F and 32
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C only
Explanation
Correct answer: (D.) C only
The purpose of the function is to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius. The input is the Fahrenheit temperature (F), but the function’s output should be the converted Celsius temperature (C). There is no need to return the original Fahrenheit value or the number 32 separately.
A custom exception in Java is created by:
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Implementing the Exception interface
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Using the 'throws' keyword
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Declaring a new method
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Extending the Exception class or one of its subclasses
Explanation
Correct Answer
D. Extending the Exception class or one of its subclasses
Explanation
In Java, a custom exception is typically created by extending the Exception class (or one of its subclasses). This allows you to create an exception that can be thrown and caught just like any other built-in exception. By doing this, you can define your own exception type, which can then be used to handle specific error conditions in your application.
Why other options are wrong
A. Implementing the Exception interface
Java does not allow you to create a custom exception by implementing the Exception interface. Instead, custom exceptions are created by extending the Exception class or one of its subclasses.
B. Using the 'throws' keyword
The throws keyword is used in method declarations to indicate that a method may throw an exception, but it is not used for creating custom exceptions. Custom exceptions require extending the Exception class or its subclasses.
C. Declaring a new method
Declaring a new method is unrelated to the creation of custom exceptions. While you may want to throw custom exceptions in methods, the act of declaring a new method doesn't involve creating a custom exception. Custom exceptions are specific to error handling.
A programmer shows a program’s first version to a customer. Based on feedback, the programmer creates a second version, and then has a colleague run the second version on numerous inputs to ensure outputs are correct.
Which phase of an agile approach is that colleague carrying out?
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Testing
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Implementation
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Analysis
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Design
Explanation
Explanation
The correct answer is A. Testing. In this scenario, the colleague is running the second version of the program with various inputs to verify the outputs, which is the testing phase. This phase ensures the program is functioning as expected based on the feedback received.
Correct Answer:
A. Testing
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