D671 Elementary Science Curriculum
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Free D671 Elementary Science Curriculum Questions
Which of the following is an example of chemical weathering?
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Ice wedging
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Dissolution of limestone by acidic rainwater
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River transportation of sediment
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Abrasion by wind-blown sand
Explanation
Correct Answer:
B. Dissolution of limestone by acidic rainwater
Explanation
B. Dissolution of limestone by acidic rainwater
Chemical weathering involves the alteration of a rock’s chemical composition. When acidic rainwater reacts with the calcium carbonate in limestone, it dissolves the rock, changing its chemical structure. This is a classic example of chemical weathering, and it leads to the formation of caves and karst landscapes.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Ice wedging
This is an example of physical (mechanical) weathering where water freezes in rock cracks, expands, and breaks the rock apart. No chemical change occurs.
C. River transportation of sediment
This is erosion, which is the movement of weathered material from one place to another, not a chemical breakdown of rock.
D. Abrasion by wind-blown sand
This is mechanical weathering, where rocks are physically worn down by friction with sand particles. The composition of the rock remains unchanged.
Characteristics of Elementary Curriculum Programs based on 3-dimensional learning: A physics curriculum program might offer multiple pathways for students to demonstrate their understanding of concepts, such as providing alternative assessment formats or offering extra support for students who may need additional assistance with mathematical concepts.
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Are phenomenon or problem-based
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Emphasize sense-making
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Build on children's ideas
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Emphasize relevance and authenticity
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Support equitable learning outcomes
Explanation
Correct Answer:
E. Support equitable learning outcomes
Explanation:
This example demonstrates supporting equitable learning outcomes because it ensures that all students, regardless of learning style, background, or skill level, have opportunities to succeed. By offering alternative assessments and additional support in areas like math, the curriculum addresses diverse needs and reduces barriers to learning. Equity-focused approaches recognize that students learn differently and provide structures so every learner can achieve the intended scientific outcomes.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Are phenomenon or problem-based
This is incorrect because the activity does not begin with a phenomenon or problem to drive inquiry but instead focuses on supporting access to learning.
B. Emphasize sense-making
While sense-making is important, the emphasis here is on how students are supported equitably, not on interpreting evidence or drawing conclusions.
C. Build on children's ideas
The program here provides multiple supports and assessments but does not specifically draw on students’ own prior ideas or experiences.
D. Emphasize relevance and authenticity
Although assessments could be authentic, the focus in this example is on fairness and access for all students, not real-world application.
How does a human body regulate its internal temperature in response to increasing heat?
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By shivering
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By reducing blood flow to the skin
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By sweating, which cools the body as it evaporates
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By increasing muscle activity
Explanation
Correct Answer:
C. By sweating, which cools the body as it evaporates
Explanation:
When the body overheats, it activates cooling mechanisms such as sweating. Sweat glands release water onto the skin’s surface, and as the sweat evaporates, it absorbs heat from the body, lowering internal temperature. Blood vessels near the skin may also dilate (vasodilation) to release more heat. This process maintains homeostasis and prevents dangerous overheating.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. By shivering
Shivering generates heat in response to cold, not heat.
B. By reducing blood flow to the skin
This occurs in cold conditions to conserve heat, not when the body needs to cool down.
D. By increasing muscle activity
Muscle activity generates more heat, which would raise body temperature instead of lowering it.
What process occurs when rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by physical forces?
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Erosion
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Weathering
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Lithification
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Sedimentation
Explanation
Correct Answer:
B. Weathering
Explanation
B. Weathering
Weathering is the process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces through physical forces like temperature changes, freeze-thaw cycles, and abrasion. In physical (mechanical) weathering, the chemical composition of the rock does not change; instead, it is broken apart into smaller fragments, making it easier for erosion and other processes to transport the material.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Erosion
Erosion involves the movement of weathered rock or soil from one place to another by wind, water, ice, or gravity. It is about transportation, not the initial breakdown.
C. Lithification
Lithification is the process by which sediments are compacted and cemented together to form sedimentary rock, not the breakdown of rocks.
D. Sedimentation
Sedimentation is the deposition of particles carried by wind, water, or ice into layers. It follows erosion and does not describe the physical breakdown of rocks.
Which astronomical structure contains our Solar System?
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Orion Nebula
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Milky Way Galaxy
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Andromeda Galaxy
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Big Dipper
Explanation
Correct Answer:
B. Milky Way Galaxy
Explanation
B. Milky Way Galaxy
Our Solar System is located within the Milky Way Galaxy, a barred spiral galaxy containing hundreds of billions of stars, planets, gas, and dust. The Solar System lies in one of its spiral arms, the Orion Arm, about 27,000 light-years from the galactic center. The Milky Way is the galaxy we call home and is only one of billions in the observable universe.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Orion Nebula
The Orion Nebula is a stellar nursery where new stars form, but it does not contain our Solar System.
C. Andromeda Galaxy
Andromeda is a neighboring galaxy to the Milky Way, located about 2.5 million light-years away. It does not contain our Solar System.
D. Big Dipper
The Big Dipper is not a galaxy but an asterism (a star pattern) within the constellation Ursa Major. It does not house our Solar System.
Why do siblings often look similar but not exactly the same?
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Parents choose which traits to give each child.
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They copy each other's appearance as they grow up.
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The oldest child always looks most like the parents.
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They inherit a mix of traits from both parents, but the combination is different for each child.
Explanation
Correct Answer:
D. They inherit a mix of traits from both parents, but the combination is different for each child.
Explanation:
Siblings often look similar because they share genes from the same parents. However, each child inherits a unique combination of alleles, leading to differences in traits such as eye color, height, or hair texture. This genetic variation comes from the random assortment of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization, ensuring that no two siblings (except identical twins) are exactly alike.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Parents choose which traits to give each child
Parents do not control which traits are passed on; inheritance is random and follows genetic principles.
B. They copy each other's appearance as they grow up
Siblings may share behaviors or habits, but physical traits are determined by genetics, not imitation.
C. The oldest child always looks most like the parents
Birth order has no influence on how much a child resembles their parents.
How do animals affect soil erosion? (Pick 2)
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By increasing soil fertility through their waste.
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By compacting soil through their movements.
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By reducing vegetation cover.
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By emitting greenhouse gases.
Explanation
Correct Answers:
B. By compacting soil through their movements.
C. By reducing vegetation cover.
Explanation
B. By compacting soil through their movements
Animals compact soil as they walk or graze, pressing it down and reducing pore spaces. Compaction prevents water from soaking into the ground, leading to more runoff. This runoff carries soil particles away, which increases erosion and gradually reduces soil quality.
C. By reducing vegetation cover
When animals overgraze, they strip the land of plants that normally protect the soil. Vegetation roots stabilize the ground and prevent it from being carried away by wind and water. Without this cover, exposed soil is far more vulnerable to erosion.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. By increasing soil fertility through their waste
Animal waste actually enriches the soil by adding nutrients and organic matter. This improves soil structure and fertility rather than contributing to erosion.
D. By emitting greenhouse gases
While animals produce greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide, these affect the global climate system, not the direct process of soil erosion. They do not cause soil to be physically broken down or moved.
Which type of energy is associated with the position of an object in a gravitational field?
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Thermal Energy
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Kinetic Energy
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Potential Energy
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Mechanical Energy
Explanation
Correct Answer:
C. Potential Energy
Explanation:
The energy associated with an object’s position in a gravitational field is gravitational potential energy. It depends on the object’s mass, the height above a reference point, and the strength of gravity (PE = mgh). The higher an object is lifted, the more potential energy it has stored, which can be released as kinetic energy when the object falls.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Thermal Energy
Thermal energy comes from particle motion and temperature, not position in a gravitational field.
B. Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy is energy of motion, not stored energy due to position.
D. Mechanical Energy
Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic and potential energy, but the specific type linked to position is potential energy.
Which geological era represents more than 88% of Earth's history?
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Cenozoic Era
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Paleozoic Era
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Precambrian Era
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Mesozoic Era
Explanation
Correct Answer:
C. Precambrian Era
Explanation
C. Precambrian Era
The Precambrian Era spans from Earth’s formation about 4.6 billion years ago to roughly 541 million years ago, making up more than 88% of Earth’s history. During this vast time, the first continental crusts formed, simple life such as bacteria and algae appeared, and oxygen began to accumulate in the atmosphere. It ended with the emergence of more complex multicellular organisms just before the Paleozoic Era.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Cenozoic Era
The Cenozoic is the most recent era (66 million years ago to present), representing only a small fraction of Earth’s history.
B. Paleozoic Era
The Paleozoic lasted from about 541 to 252 million years ago, a much shorter span compared to the Precambrian.
D. Mesozoic Era
The Mesozoic (252 to 66 million years ago) is known as the "Age of Dinosaurs" but represents only a brief period compared to the Precambrian.
8 Science and Engineering Practices: Students develop explanations for scientific phenomena or propose solutions to engineering problems, drawing on evidence and reasoning to support their claims and designs.
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Asking Questions and Defining Problems
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Developing and Using Models
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Planning and Carrying Out Investigations
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Analyzing and Interpreting Data
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Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking
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Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions
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Engaging in Argument from Evidence
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Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information
Explanation
Correct Answer:
F. Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions
Explanation:
Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions is the practice where students use evidence and reasoning to explain natural phenomena or to create engineering solutions to real-world problems. In science, this involves developing well-supported explanations based on collected data. In engineering, it requires proposing solutions that are evidence-based, feasible, and effective. This practice strengthens critical thinking by requiring students to justify their claims and connect evidence to reasoning.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Asking Questions and Defining Problems
This practice initiates investigations by identifying what to study but does not involve developing explanations or solutions.
B. Developing and Using Models
Models are tools to represent and predict phenomena, but they do not equate to constructing explanations or solutions.
C. Planning and Carrying Out Investigations
This practice involves designing and conducting experiments to gather evidence, not using evidence to explain or solve problems.
D. Analyzing and Interpreting Data
This step focuses on making sense of collected data but does not extend to building explanations or proposing solutions.
E. Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking
Math and computation support analysis and modeling but do not themselves provide explanations or solutions.
G. Engaging in Argument from Evidence
This practice emphasizes justifying and debating claims, which happens after explanations or solutions are developed.
H. Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information
This focuses on collecting and sharing information, not creating explanations or solutions based on evidence.
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