C974 - Science Methods—Middle Grades General Science
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Free C974 - Science Methods—Middle Grades General Science Questions
What is the term used to describe the Earth's movement as it travels in an orbit around the Sun over the course of a year?
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rotates
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revolves
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orbits
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spins
Explanation
Explanation:
The term that describes the Earth's movement around the Sun over the course of a year is “revolves.” This orbital motion defines the length of a year and, combined with the axial tilt, causes seasonal changes. Rotation or spinning refers to the Earth turning on its axis, which produces day and night, but does not describe its yearly path around the Sun. “Orbits” is a general term, but in this context, the scientific term used is “revolves.”
Correct Answer:
revolves
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
rotates
This is incorrect because rotation refers to the Earth spinning on its axis, which causes day and night, not its annual orbit around the Sun.
orbits
This is incorrect because while “orbit” is a general term for the path, the scientific terminology for the Earth’s annual movement around the Sun is specifically “revolves.”
spins
This is incorrect because spinning is another term for rotation on the axis, not the Earth’s movement along its orbital path around the Sun.
Based on the experimental results, what can be inferred about the influence of temperature and agitation on how quickly a solid dissolves in a liquid?
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Higher temperature significantly enhances the rate of dissolution, while agitation has a minimal impact
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Both higher temperature and agitation equally contribute to the rate of dissolution
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Agitation alone is sufficient to increase the rate of dissolution, regardless of temperature
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Higher temperature and agitation both increase the rate of dissolution, but temperature plays a more critical role
Explanation
Explanation:
Both higher temperature and agitation increase the rate at which a solid dissolves in a liquid. Higher temperature provides particles with more kinetic energy, allowing solute particles to break apart faster. Agitation, such as stirring, helps distribute the solute and solvent more effectively. However, temperature generally has a more significant impact on the dissolution rate than agitation, making it the dominant factor.
Correct Answer:
Higher temperature and agitation both increase the rate of dissolution, but temperature plays a more critical role.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Higher temperature significantly enhances the rate of dissolution, while agitation has a minimal impact
This is incorrect because agitation does contribute to the dissolution rate, though less critically than temperature.
Both higher temperature and agitation equally contribute to the rate of dissolution
This is incorrect because temperature has a stronger influence than agitation on how quickly a solid dissolves.
Agitation alone is sufficient to increase the rate of dissolution, regardless of temperature
This is incorrect because agitation alone cannot overcome the kinetic limitations that lower temperatures impose on particle movement.
How many days does it take for the Earth to complete one full revolution around the Sun?
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365 Days
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28 Days
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12 Months
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24 Hours
Explanation
Explanation:
The Earth completes one full revolution around the Sun in approximately 365 days, which defines a calendar year. This period determines the progression of seasons when combined with the axial tilt of the Earth. Shorter periods such as 28 days, 12 months, or 24 hours correspond to the Moon’s orbit, a general time measure of a year, or the Earth’s rotation, and do not represent the full orbital period of the Earth.
Correct Answer:
365 Days
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
28 Days
This is incorrect because 28 days approximately represents the Moon’s orbit around Earth, not the Earth’s revolution around the Sun.
12 Months
This is incorrect because while 12 months make up a calendar year, the exact number of days in one revolution is 365 (or 366 in a leap year), not 12 months as a unit of measurement.
24 Hours
This is incorrect because 24 hours represents one full rotation of the Earth on its axis, which causes day and night, not its yearly revolution around the Sun.
What effect does the rotation of the Earth have on our daily experience of time?
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It creates the seasons
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It causes the cycle of day and night
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It influences the phases of the Moon
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It determines the length of a year
Explanation
Explanation:
The rotation of the Earth on its axis causes the cycle of day and night. As the Earth spins, different regions are exposed to sunlight or darkness, creating the regular alternation of daytime and nighttime experienced each day. This rotation is the fundamental reason for our 24-hour day and directly shapes our perception of time on a daily basis.
Correct Answer:
It causes the cycle of day and night
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
It creates the seasons
This is incorrect because the seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earth's axis combined with its orbit around the Sun, not its rotation.
It influences the phases of the Moon
This is incorrect because the Moon’s phases are determined by its position relative to the Earth and Sun, independent of the Earth’s rotation.
It determines the length of a year
This is incorrect because the length of a year is determined by the Earth’s revolution around the Sun, not its daily rotation.
What is one key observation that suggests a material has high thermal conductivity?
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A slow increase in temperature
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A rapid increase in temperature
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No change in temperature
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A decrease in temperature
Explanation
Explanation:
A material with high thermal conductivity transfers heat quickly. Therefore, when heat is applied, such a material will exhibit a rapid increase in temperature. This is because thermal energy moves efficiently through the material, allowing it to warm up faster than materials with lower thermal conductivity. Observations like slow heating or no change in temperature indicate poor thermal conductivity.
Correct Answer:
A rapid increase in temperature
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
A slow increase in temperature
This is incorrect because a slow temperature rise indicates low thermal conductivity, meaning the material does not transfer heat efficiently.
No change in temperature
This is incorrect because no temperature change suggests the material is insulating heat or has extremely low thermal conductivity.
A decrease in temperature
This is incorrect because a decrease in temperature does not indicate thermal conductivity; it may simply reflect a cooling process rather than heat transfer properties.
How long does it take for the Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun?
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one year
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one week
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one month
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one day
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It depends. The time it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun can change significantly from one orbit to the next
Explanation
Explanation:
The Earth takes approximately one year, or about 365.25 days, to complete one full orbit around the Sun. This period defines the length of a calendar year. While small variations occur due to gravitational interactions, the orbit is extremely consistent, so it is incorrect to say the time changes significantly. Shorter periods such as a day, week, or month represent other cycles like rotation or the Moon’s orbit, not the Earth’s revolution around the Sun.
Correct Answer:
one year
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
one week
This is incorrect because a week is a human-defined period of seven days and has no relation to the Earth’s orbital period around the Sun.
one month
This is incorrect because a month approximates the Moon’s orbit around Earth, not the Earth’s revolution around the Sun.
one day
This is incorrect because one day represents the Earth’s rotation on its axis, not its orbit around the Sun.
It depends. The time it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun can change significantly from one orbit to the next.
This is incorrect because the Earth’s orbital period is extremely stable; any variation is negligible and does not significantly change the duration of one year.
A white solid is mixed with a clear liquid in a beaker. The mixture fizzes, turns green, and the beaker feels hot to the touch. What kind of change is occurring, and why?
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This is a physical change because the color changed, and color is a physical property
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This is a chemical change because new substances are being formed that have new physical properties
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This is a chemical change because an energy change is observed
Explanation
Explanation:
The observation of fizzing, a color change, and heat production indicates a chemical change. These signs show that new substances are being formed, and energy is being released during the reaction. Chemical changes result in a transformation of the original substances into products with different chemical and physical properties, which is evident in this experiment.
Correct Answer:
This is a chemical change because new substances are being formed that have new physical properties.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
This is a physical change because the color changed, and color is a physical property
This is incorrect because the formation of gas (fizzing) and heat release are indicators of a chemical change, not just a physical change.
This is a chemical change because an energy change is observed
This is partially correct but incomplete; the reaction also produces new substances, which is a critical characteristic of a chemical change.
Which of the following processes represents a chemical change?
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Water freezes into ice
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Water evaporates
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Butter melts in a hot pan
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A bicycle left outside begins to rust
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Sugar dissolves in hot coffee
Explanation
Explanation:
A chemical change occurs when a substance transforms into a new substance with different chemical properties. Rusting of a bicycle is a chemical change because iron reacts with oxygen and moisture to form a new compound, iron oxide. The other options—freezing, evaporating, and melting—are physical changes because the chemical composition of water or butter does not change, and dissolving sugar is also physical since no new substance is formed.
Correct Answer:
A bicycle left outside begins to rust
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Water freezes into ice
This is incorrect because freezing is a physical change; the molecular structure of water remains H₂O.
Water evaporates
This is incorrect because evaporation is a physical change involving a change of state, not chemical composition.
Butter melts in a hot pan
This is incorrect because melting is a physical change, where butter changes state but its chemical composition stays the same.
Sugar dissolves in hot coffee
This is incorrect because dissolving sugar is a physical change; no new chemical substance is produced.
What type of data is represented by 'The texture of a leaf'? Why is it classified this way?
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Quantitative data, because it involves numerical measurement
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Qualitative data, because it describes characteristics or qualities
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Experimental data, because it is derived from an experiment
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Continuous data, because it can take any value within a range
Explanation
Explanation:
The texture of a leaf describes its physical characteristics, such as smooth, rough, or hairy. This type of information is descriptive rather than numerical, making it qualitative data. Qualitative data is used to characterize attributes, qualities, or categories, rather than measuring quantities. Since texture cannot be measured with numbers directly, it is classified as qualitative.
Correct Answer:
B) Qualitative data, because it describes characteristics or qualities
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
A) Quantitative data, because it involves numerical measurement
This is incorrect because quantitative data requires numerical measurement, which texture does not provide.
C) Experimental data, because it is derived from an experiment
This is incorrect because qualitative data can be collected from observation or description, not necessarily from an experiment.
D) Continuous data, because it can take any value within a range
This is incorrect because continuous data is numerical and measurable, unlike descriptive attributes such as texture.
The tilt of the Earth's axis is responsible for _____________
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The revolution of the Earth around the Sun
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Equal hours of daylight and nighttime
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Alternation between day and night.
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The seasons
Explanation
Explanation:
The tilt of the Earth's axis is responsible for the changing angle at which sunlight strikes different parts of the Earth during its orbit around the Sun. This variation in sunlight intensity and duration leads to differences in temperature and day length, producing the distinct seasons. Without this axial tilt, sunlight would be distributed more evenly throughout the year, and seasonal changes would not occur. Therefore, the axial tilt directly causes the seasons.
Correct Answer:
The seasons
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
The revolution of the Earth around the Sun
This is incorrect because while the Earth's revolution determines the length of a year, it does not by itself cause seasonal changes. Seasonal variation requires the axial tilt.
Equal hours of daylight and nighttime
This is incorrect because equal day and night only occur during the equinoxes. The phenomenon is not continuous and is not the main effect of axial tilt.
Alternation between day and night
This is incorrect because the alternation of day and night is caused by the Earth's rotation on its axis, not its axial tilt.
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