AWS Certified Advanced Networking - Specialty ANS-C01
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Free AWS Certified Advanced Networking - Specialty ANS-C01 Questions
1.
Your company needs to implement a network architecture supporting both IPv4 and IPv6 with seamless transition. What VPC configuration enables this?
- A) IPv6-only VPC with NAT64
- B) Dual-stack VPC with both IPv4 and IPv6 CIDRs
- C) Separate VPCs for each protocol
- D) IPv4 VPC with transition tunnels
Explanation
Explanation
AWS VPCs support dual-stack configuration where both IPv4 and IPv6 are enabled simultaneously. Associate IPv6 CIDR blocks with your VPC and subnets alongside existing IPv4 CIDRs. Resources receive both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and can communicate using either protocol. Security groups and NACLs support rules for both protocols. Dual-stack provides the smoothest migration path, allowing gradual IPv6 adoption while maintaining IPv4 compatibility for legacy systems. IPv6-only VPCs limit connectivity to IPv4 resources. Separate VPCs create unnecessary complexity. Transition tunnels add overhead. Dual-stack is the AWS-recommended approach for IPv6 adoption, enabling organizations to support both protocols during the transition period without service disruption or architectural redesign.
Correct Answer
A) IPv6-only VPC with NAT64
AWS VPCs support dual-stack configuration where both IPv4 and IPv6 are enabled simultaneously. Associate IPv6 CIDR blocks with your VPC and subnets alongside existing IPv4 CIDRs. Resources receive both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and can communicate using either protocol. Security groups and NACLs support rules for both protocols. Dual-stack provides the smoothest migration path, allowing gradual IPv6 adoption while maintaining IPv4 compatibility for legacy systems. IPv6-only VPCs limit connectivity to IPv4 resources. Separate VPCs create unnecessary complexity. Transition tunnels add overhead. Dual-stack is the AWS-recommended approach for IPv6 adoption, enabling organizations to support both protocols during the transition period without service disruption or architectural redesign.
Correct Answer
A) IPv6-only VPC with NAT64
2.
Your organization needs to implement fine-grained access control for DNS queries, allowing only specific VPCs to resolve certain domain names. What Route 53 configuration enables this?
- A) Public hosted zones with query logging
- B) Private hosted zones with VPC associations
- C) Resolver rules with conditional forwarding
- D) DNSSEC validation
Explanation
Explanation
Route 53 private hosted zones associated with specific VPCs provide fine-grained DNS resolution control. You create private hosted zones for domain names and associate them with specific VPCs. Only resources in associated VPCs can resolve names in that zone. Combined with Route 53 Resolver rules for conditional forwarding, this enables sophisticated DNS access control. Public hosted zones are internet-accessible. Query logging provides visibility but not access control. DNSSEC validates authenticity but doesn't restrict access. Private hosted zones enable scenarios where different VPCs resolve the same domain name to different IP addresses (split-horizon DNS), or where only certain VPCs can resolve internal service names, supporting multi-tenant architectures and network segmentation requirements.
Correct Answer
C) Resolver rules with conditional forwarding
Route 53 private hosted zones associated with specific VPCs provide fine-grained DNS resolution control. You create private hosted zones for domain names and associate them with specific VPCs. Only resources in associated VPCs can resolve names in that zone. Combined with Route 53 Resolver rules for conditional forwarding, this enables sophisticated DNS access control. Public hosted zones are internet-accessible. Query logging provides visibility but not access control. DNSSEC validates authenticity but doesn't restrict access. Private hosted zones enable scenarios where different VPCs resolve the same domain name to different IP addresses (split-horizon DNS), or where only certain VPCs can resolve internal service names, supporting multi-tenant architectures and network segmentation requirements.
Correct Answer
C) Resolver rules with conditional forwarding
3.
An organization needs to implement network connectivity that supports both IPv4 and IPv6 clients accessing the same application. What load balancer configuration enables dual-stack access?
- A) Separate load balancers for IPv4 and IPv6
- B) Application Load Balancer with dual-stack configuration supporting both IPv4 and IPv6 listeners
- C) IPv6 not supported on load balancers
- D) Manual protocol translation required
Explanation
Explanation
Application Load Balancer and Network Load Balancer support dual-stack mode. Enable dual-stack when creating load balancer (or modify existing); load balancer receives both IPv4 address (A record) and IPv6 address (AAAA record). Clients connect using either protocol; load balancer forwards to targets (typically IPv4) performing protocol translation if necessary. Dual-stack eliminates need for separate load balancers, simplifying architecture and reducing costs. IPv6-only clients can access IPv4-only applications via load balancer translation. Configure VPC with dual-stack subnets (IPv4 and IPv6 CIDRs), enable IPv6 on load balancer, and ensure DNS returns both A and AAAA records. Essential for applications requiring global IPv6 accessibility while backend remains IPv4 during transition period. Most clients prefer IPv6 when available, gracefully falling back to IPv4.
Correct Answer
D) Manual protocol translation required
Application Load Balancer and Network Load Balancer support dual-stack mode. Enable dual-stack when creating load balancer (or modify existing); load balancer receives both IPv4 address (A record) and IPv6 address (AAAA record). Clients connect using either protocol; load balancer forwards to targets (typically IPv4) performing protocol translation if necessary. Dual-stack eliminates need for separate load balancers, simplifying architecture and reducing costs. IPv6-only clients can access IPv4-only applications via load balancer translation. Configure VPC with dual-stack subnets (IPv4 and IPv6 CIDRs), enable IPv6 on load balancer, and ensure DNS returns both A and AAAA records. Essential for applications requiring global IPv6 accessibility while backend remains IPv4 during transition period. Most clients prefer IPv6 when available, gracefully falling back to IPv4.
Correct Answer
D) Manual protocol translation required
4.
An organization requires implementing IDS/IPS functionality to detect and prevent network attacks. What AWS service combination provides this capability?
- A) VPC Flow Logs only
- B) AWS Network Firewall with IPS rules
- C) Security groups with stateful inspection
- D) NACLs with deny rules
Explanation
Explanation
AWS Network Firewall includes stateful inspection with intrusion prevention system (IPS) using Suricata-compatible rules. Enable IPS rule groups (AWS Managed Threat Signatures or custom rules) to detect and block known attack patterns, exploits, and malware. Network Firewall inspects traffic based on signatures, protocols, and domains. Alerts and drops matching threats. VPC Flow Logs provide visibility but not prevention. Security groups filter but don't inspect for attack signatures. NACLs provide Layer 3/4 filtering without deep inspection. Network Firewall's IPS capabilities, combined with regular rule updates from AWS Managed Rules, provide defense against known exploits. For additional capabilities, integrate third-party security appliances via Gateway Load Balancer. IPS protection is essential for compliance frameworks requiring network-based threat prevention.
Correct Answer:
D) NACLs with deny rules
AWS Network Firewall includes stateful inspection with intrusion prevention system (IPS) using Suricata-compatible rules. Enable IPS rule groups (AWS Managed Threat Signatures or custom rules) to detect and block known attack patterns, exploits, and malware. Network Firewall inspects traffic based on signatures, protocols, and domains. Alerts and drops matching threats. VPC Flow Logs provide visibility but not prevention. Security groups filter but don't inspect for attack signatures. NACLs provide Layer 3/4 filtering without deep inspection. Network Firewall's IPS capabilities, combined with regular rule updates from AWS Managed Rules, provide defense against known exploits. For additional capabilities, integrate third-party security appliances via Gateway Load Balancer. IPS protection is essential for compliance frameworks requiring network-based threat prevention.
Correct Answer:
D) NACLs with deny rules
5.
Your organization requires DNS resolution between on-premises networks and multiple AWS VPCs across different accounts. What architecture provides centralized DNS management?
- A) Route 53 Resolver endpoints with RAM sharing
- B) Individual DNS servers in each VPC
- C) Public Route 53 hosted zones
- D) On-premises DNS forwarding only
Explanation
Explanation
Deploy Route 53 Resolver inbound and outbound endpoints in a central VPC, then share them across accounts using AWS Resource Access Manager (RAM). Inbound endpoints allow on-premises DNS to resolve AWS resource names; outbound endpoints enable AWS resources to resolve on-premises names. Sharing via RAM eliminates the need for duplicate endpoints in each account. Individual DNS servers in each VPC create management overhead and lack integration. Public hosted zones don't support private resolution. On-premises forwarding alone doesn't provide AWS-to-on-premises resolution. This centralized architecture reduces costs (fewer endpoints), simplifies management (single point of control), and enables consistent DNS policies across accounts. Rule associations control which VPCs use which forwarding rules, enabling flexible DNS resolution strategies.
Correct Answer
D) On-premises DNS forwarding only
Deploy Route 53 Resolver inbound and outbound endpoints in a central VPC, then share them across accounts using AWS Resource Access Manager (RAM). Inbound endpoints allow on-premises DNS to resolve AWS resource names; outbound endpoints enable AWS resources to resolve on-premises names. Sharing via RAM eliminates the need for duplicate endpoints in each account. Individual DNS servers in each VPC create management overhead and lack integration. Public hosted zones don't support private resolution. On-premises forwarding alone doesn't provide AWS-to-on-premises resolution. This centralized architecture reduces costs (fewer endpoints), simplifies management (single point of control), and enables consistent DNS policies across accounts. Rule associations control which VPCs use which forwarding rules, enabling flexible DNS resolution strategies.
Correct Answer
D) On-premises DNS forwarding only
6.
A company needs to route traffic between VPCs through security appliances that require symmetric routing (same path for both directions). What Transit Gateway feature enables this?
- A) Multiple route tables
- B) Appliance mode
- C) BGP routing
- D) Static routes only
Explanation
Explanation
AWS Transit Gateway appliance mode ensures symmetric routing by forcing return traffic to use the same Availability Zone through which the original traffic arrived. This is essential for stateful appliances like firewalls that maintain connection state. Without appliance mode, return traffic might route through a different AZ's appliance, causing connection failures. Enable appliance mode on the Transit Gateway attachment connected to the VPC containing security appliances. Multiple route tables control routing policy but don't ensure symmetric routing. BGP provides dynamic routing but doesn't guarantee symmetry. Static routes don't address symmetric routing requirements. Appliance mode is critical for hub-and-spoke architectures with centralized security inspection, ensuring traffic inspection appliances see both directions of traffic flows, maintaining connection state properly.
Correct Answer:
D) Static routes only
AWS Transit Gateway appliance mode ensures symmetric routing by forcing return traffic to use the same Availability Zone through which the original traffic arrived. This is essential for stateful appliances like firewalls that maintain connection state. Without appliance mode, return traffic might route through a different AZ's appliance, causing connection failures. Enable appliance mode on the Transit Gateway attachment connected to the VPC containing security appliances. Multiple route tables control routing policy but don't ensure symmetric routing. BGP provides dynamic routing but doesn't guarantee symmetry. Static routes don't address symmetric routing requirements. Appliance mode is critical for hub-and-spoke architectures with centralized security inspection, ensuring traffic inspection appliances see both directions of traffic flows, maintaining connection state properly.
Correct Answer:
D) Static routes only
7.
An organization needs to implement network segmentation that prevents specific VPCs from communicating while allowing access to shared services. What Transit Gateway feature enables this?
- A) Multiple Transit Gateways
- B) Transit Gateway route table associations and propagations
- C) VPC peering with filtering
- D) Security groups on Transit Gateway
Explanation
Explanation
AWS Transit Gateway supports multiple route tables. By creating separate route tables for different VPC attachments and controlling route propagation, you implement network segmentation. For example, create "Production," "Development," and "Shared Services" route tables. Production VPCs can reach shared services but not development VPCs, and vice versa. This is achieved by associating VPC attachments with specific route tables and selectively propagating routes. Multiple Transit Gateways create unnecessary complexity. VPC peering doesn't scale for complex segmentation. Transit Gateway doesn't support security groups. Transit Gateway route tables enable flexible, scalable network segmentation implementing least-privilege network access and supporting zero-trust architectures where workload types are isolated while maintaining controlled access to central services.
Correct Answer
A) Multiple Transit Gateways
AWS Transit Gateway supports multiple route tables. By creating separate route tables for different VPC attachments and controlling route propagation, you implement network segmentation. For example, create "Production," "Development," and "Shared Services" route tables. Production VPCs can reach shared services but not development VPCs, and vice versa. This is achieved by associating VPC attachments with specific route tables and selectively propagating routes. Multiple Transit Gateways create unnecessary complexity. VPC peering doesn't scale for complex segmentation. Transit Gateway doesn't support security groups. Transit Gateway route tables enable flexible, scalable network segmentation implementing least-privilege network access and supporting zero-trust architectures where workload types are isolated while maintaining controlled access to central services.
Correct Answer
A) Multiple Transit Gateways
8.
Your application requires predictable network latency between EC2 instances for high-frequency trading applications. What network configuration minimizes and stabilizes latency?
- A) Instances in multiple regions
- B) Cluster placement group with Enhanced Networking
- C) Multiple Availability Zones for distribution
- D) Spot instances for cost optimization
Explanation
Explanation
Cluster placement groups place instances in close physical proximity within a single Availability Zone, providing lowest latency (microseconds) and highest packet-per-second performance. Enhanced Networking (SR-IOV) further reduces latency and jitter. This combination provides optimal and consistent network performance for latency-sensitive applications. Multiple regions or AZs increase latency due to physical distance. Spot instances' pricing model doesn't affect network performance but interruptions could impact application. Use instance types supporting Enhanced Networking (most current generation types). For ultra-low latency, consider instances with Elastic Fabric Adapter (EFA) for HPC workloads. Cluster placement groups are essential for applications requiring consistent single-digit millisecond or microsecond latency like HPC, gaming servers, or high-frequency trading where network variability impacts business outcomes.
Correct Answer:
C) Multiple Availability Zones for distribution
Cluster placement groups place instances in close physical proximity within a single Availability Zone, providing lowest latency (microseconds) and highest packet-per-second performance. Enhanced Networking (SR-IOV) further reduces latency and jitter. This combination provides optimal and consistent network performance for latency-sensitive applications. Multiple regions or AZs increase latency due to physical distance. Spot instances' pricing model doesn't affect network performance but interruptions could impact application. Use instance types supporting Enhanced Networking (most current generation types). For ultra-low latency, consider instances with Elastic Fabric Adapter (EFA) for HPC workloads. Cluster placement groups are essential for applications requiring consistent single-digit millisecond or microsecond latency like HPC, gaming servers, or high-frequency trading where network variability impacts business outcomes.
Correct Answer:
C) Multiple Availability Zones for distribution
9.
Your organization needs to optimize network performance for applications requiring high packet-per-second rates. What EC2 configuration provides optimal PPS performance?
- A) Standard networking with no optimization
- B) Enhanced Networking with SR-IOV and appropriate instance types
- C) Network load doesn't affect PPS
- D) Software-based networking only
Explanation
Explanation
Enable Enhanced Networking using Elastic Network Adapter (ENA) or Intel 82599 Virtual Function (VF) interface. Enhanced Networking uses Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) providing higher PPS (packets per second), lower latency, and lower jitter. Choose instance types supporting Enhanced Networking (most current-generation types). Enhanced Networking is essential for applications sending/receiving many small packets: network appliances, gaming servers, proxy servers, or high-frequency trading. Standard networking has lower PPS limits. Instance type selection impacts maximum PPS capacity (larger instances support higher PPS). Enhanced Networking is available at no additional cost and should be enabled for network-intensive workloads. Verify with ethtool (Linux) that enhanced networking driver is active. Combine with placement groups for lowest latency when PPS performance is critical.
Correct Answer
A) Standard networking with no optimization
Enable Enhanced Networking using Elastic Network Adapter (ENA) or Intel 82599 Virtual Function (VF) interface. Enhanced Networking uses Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) providing higher PPS (packets per second), lower latency, and lower jitter. Choose instance types supporting Enhanced Networking (most current-generation types). Enhanced Networking is essential for applications sending/receiving many small packets: network appliances, gaming servers, proxy servers, or high-frequency trading. Standard networking has lower PPS limits. Instance type selection impacts maximum PPS capacity (larger instances support higher PPS). Enhanced Networking is available at no additional cost and should be enabled for network-intensive workloads. Verify with ethtool (Linux) that enhanced networking driver is active. Combine with placement groups for lowest latency when PPS performance is critical.
Correct Answer
A) Standard networking with no optimization
10.
A company needs to implement network segmentation that isolates development, staging, and production environments while allowing selective access to shared services. What architecture achieves this?
- A) Single VPC with subnets per environment
- B) Separate VPCs per environment with Transit Gateway and isolated route tables
- C) VPC peering in full mesh
- D) Security groups for segmentation
Explanation
Explanation
Deploy separate VPCs for development, staging, and production environments. Connect via Transit Gateway with multiple route tables: create environment-specific route tables (dev, staging, prod) and a shared services route table. Associate each environment VPC with its route table and shared services VPC with its table. Configure route propagation so each environment can reach shared services but not other environments. Separate VPCs with Transit Gateway isolation provides strong network segmentation. Single VPC lacks network-level isolation. Full mesh peering allows all-to-all communication. Security groups provide micro-segmentation but not network isolation. This architecture implements defense-in-depth with network isolation as the foundation, enabling compliance with requirements for environment separation while maintaining access to central services like directory, monitoring, or security tools.
Correct Answer:
A) Single VPC with subnets per environment
Deploy separate VPCs for development, staging, and production environments. Connect via Transit Gateway with multiple route tables: create environment-specific route tables (dev, staging, prod) and a shared services route table. Associate each environment VPC with its route table and shared services VPC with its table. Configure route propagation so each environment can reach shared services but not other environments. Separate VPCs with Transit Gateway isolation provides strong network segmentation. Single VPC lacks network-level isolation. Full mesh peering allows all-to-all communication. Security groups provide micro-segmentation but not network isolation. This architecture implements defense-in-depth with network isolation as the foundation, enabling compliance with requirements for environment separation while maintaining access to central services like directory, monitoring, or security tools.
Correct Answer:
A) Single VPC with subnets per environment
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