Business of IT Applications (C179)
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Free Business of IT Applications (C179) Questions
What type of information system would be used by upper level management using both internal and external information
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Decision support system
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Executive information system
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Management information system
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Transaction processing system
Explanation
Correct answer:
B. Executive information system
Explanation:
An Executive Information System (EIS) is designed for upper-level management to access both internal and external information. It helps them with decision-making by providing summarized data, often through dashboards, and includes information that can be used for strategic planning and monitoring.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Decision support system: A Decision Support System (DSS) is used for decision-making by analyzing data but is typically more focused on specific problems rather than providing high-level summaries and external data as an EIS does.
C. Management information system: A Management Information System (MIS) is designed for middle-level management to manage internal operations. It generally deals with internal data and focuses on reporting rather than integrating external information at a high level.
D. Transaction processing system: A Transaction Processing System (TPS) handles day-to-day operations, dealing mainly with the internal processing of transactions and not with strategic decision-making or external data.
Which type of security analysis is limited by the fact that a significant time investment of a highly skilled team member is required
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Dynamic code analysis
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Static code analysis
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Manual code review
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Fuzz testing
Explanation
Correct Answer:
c) Manual code review
Explanation:
Manual code review involves a detailed line-by-line examination of source code by a highly skilled team member to identify potential vulnerabilities. This process is time-intensive and requires significant expertise, making it limited in terms of scalability and speed.
Why other options are wrong:
a) Dynamic code analysis: This analysis is automated and tests the application during runtime, making it less dependent on a time-intensive process and less reliant on skilled team members for each test.
b) Static code analysis: This type of analysis involves automated tools that scan the code for vulnerabilities, without requiring a significant time investment from team members for each run.
d) Fuzz testing: Fuzz testing is automated and involves inputting random data into the application to discover vulnerabilities. It does not require a highly skilled team member's constant involvement like manual code reviews do.
Which type of manual code review technique is being used when the reviewer starts at a function and traces each of its conditional branches to it
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Data flow analysis
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Risk analysis
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Control flow analysis
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Threat analysis
Explanation
Correct Answer:
c) Control flow analysis
Explanation:
Control flow analysis involves tracing the execution path of a function by following its conditional branches, loops, and other control structures. The goal is to understand how the function behaves and identify potential vulnerabilities related to the flow of execution.
Why other options are wrong:
a) Data flow analysis: This technique focuses on tracking how data moves through the program, such as where it is created, modified, and consumed, rather than following the control paths of the code.
b) Risk analysis: This involves identifying and evaluating potential risks in the software but does not involve detailed examination of the code’s control flow.
d) Threat analysis: This technique focuses on identifying and assessing possible threats to the system but is not specifically concerned with tracing code execution paths.
Which GIS component provides the plans and business rule unique to an organization
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software
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data
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workflows
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hardware
Explanation
Correct answer:
c. workflows
Explanation:
Workflows in a GIS (Geographic Information System) define the processes, plans, and business rules that are specific to an organization. They guide how data is collected, analyzed, and processed within the system, ensuring that operations align with the organization’s needs and standards.
Why the other options are incorrect:
a. software: Software provides the tools and functionality to run the GIS system, but it doesn't define the specific business rules or processes.
b. data: Data consists of the geographic and attribute information, but it doesn't outline the rules or workflows.
d. hardware: Hardware refers to the physical components required to operate the system, not the organization-specific rules or plans.
Which of the following is NOT a clear lesson emerging from the 1990 Asian crisis and earlier developing-country crises in Latin America and elsewhere
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A relatively strong economic shield that provides the economy with barriers from external shocks.
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A sound banking system as a key component of the entire financial structure.
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A proper sequence of economic, financial, and real reform measures.
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An appropriate exchange rate system.
Explanation
Correct answer:
D. An appropriate exchange rate system.
Explanation:
While having a proper exchange rate system is important, it is not as prominently highlighted in the lessons learned from the 1990 Asian crisis compared to the other options. The lessons from the crisis focused more on ensuring strong economic shields, sound banking systems, and the importance of sequencing reforms, which are seen as more critical to preventing similar crises.
Why the other options are correct:
A. A relatively strong economic shield: Developing strong barriers to external shocks helps protect economies from sudden disruptions, a key lesson from past crises.
B. A sound banking system: A robust banking system is essential to maintaining financial stability and preventing banking crises, as shown during the Asian crisis.
C. A proper sequence of economic, financial, and real reform measures: The sequence of reforms is crucial for stabilizing and building a strong economy after a crisis. Mismanagement or poor sequencing of reforms can worsen an economic situation.
Having a corporate code of ethics that prohibits employees from accepting gifts from customers or vendors is an example of which component of internal control
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Control environment
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Risk assessment
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Control procedures
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Information system
Explanation
Correct answer: |
a. Control environment
Explanation:
The control environment is the foundation of an internal control system and encompasses the culture, ethics, and values set by management and the organization. A corporate code of ethics that prohibits employees from accepting gifts is part of creating an ethical environment, which influences the overall behavior and decision-making within the organization.
Why the other options are incorrect:
b. Risk assessment: Risk assessment involves identifying and analyzing risks to achieving objectives, not the establishment of ethical guidelines or codes of conduct.
c. Control procedures: While control procedures are essential for specific actions (e.g., approvals, reconciliations), a code of ethics addresses broader organizational culture and values, not individual control steps.
d. Information system: Information systems focus on the collection, processing, and reporting of information, not the development of ethical guidelines.
The software security team is using an automation tool that generates random data to input into every field in the new product. Which security testing technique is being used
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Fuzz testing
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Black-box debugging
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Byte code analysis
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Binary code analysis
Explanation
Correct Answer:
a) Fuzz testing
Explanation:
Fuzz testing involves sending random or unexpected data to an application to identify vulnerabilities, crashes, or unexpected behavior. The goal is to test how the system reacts to unexpected inputs and find potential weaknesses, such as buffer overflows or input validation flaws.
Why other options are wrong:
b) Black-box debugging: This is not a standard security testing method. Black-box testing refers to testing without knowledge of the internal workings, but debugging involves finding and resolving issues within the code, which is not the same as fuzz testing.
c) Byte code analysis: This refers to analyzing bytecode (such as Java bytecode) for vulnerabilities or flaws, not generating random inputs to test the system's behavior.
d) Binary code analysis: This technique involves analyzing compiled binary code for vulnerabilities or flaws. It is different from fuzz testing, which focuses on testing the application with random inputs during runtime.
Which privacy impact statement requirement type defines processes to keep personal information updated and accurate
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Data integrity requirements
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Collection of personal information requirements
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Access requirements
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Personal information retention requirements
Explanation
Correct Answer:
a) Data integrity requirements
Explanation:
Data integrity requirements define the processes necessary to ensure that personal information remains accurate, complete, and up to date. These requirements are critical for maintaining the quality and accuracy of personal data over time.
Why other options are wrong:
b) Collection of personal information requirements: These pertain to how personal information is gathered and consented to but not how it should be kept updated.
c) Access requirements: These focus on who can access the personal information and under what circumstances, not on its accuracy.
d) Personal information retention requirements: These pertain to how long personal information should be kept, not on ensuring it is accurate or up to date.
The component of a decision support system that allows users to manipulate the data and conduct analysis is known as the
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data system
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dialog system
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model system
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information system
- research system
Explanation
Correct answer:
b. dialog system
Explanation:
The dialog system in a Decision Support System (DSS) enables users to interact with the system, manipulate data, and conduct analysis. It provides the interface through which users can input queries, adjust parameters, and view results.
Why the other options are incorrect:
a. data system: The data system refers to where the data is stored and managed but does not directly involve data manipulation or analysis.
c. model system: The model system provides analytical models but does not allow users to manipulate data directly.
d. information system: The information system is a broad term for systems that provide information, not specifically focused on user interaction for analysis.
e. research system: This is not a standard component of a DSS. Research might be conducted using the DSS, but it is not a component.
Which one of the following statements does NOT apply to the concept of an information system model
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An information system transforms data into input
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An information system transforms information into data
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An information system transforms information into output
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An information system transforms input into information
Explanation
Correct answer:
b) An information system transforms information into data
Explanation:
In an information system, data is processed to produce information, not the other way around. Information is typically derived from data after it has been processed, analyzed, or interpreted, so transforming information into data does not align with how an information system works.
Why the other options are correct:
a) An information system transforms data into input: This is correct because data is often input into the system to be processed or analyzed.
c) An information system transforms information into output: This is correct as information is processed and output as results, reports, or other formats.
d) An information system transforms input into information: This is correct because input (data) is processed by the system to produce meaningful information.
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ITEC 2205 – Business of IT Applications (C179) Study Notes
1. Introduction to Business Information Systems
A Business Information System is a structured, integrated set of tools, people, processes, and technologies that collect, store, manage, and interpret data to support business operations, decision-making, and strategic planning.
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Operational support: Facilitates day-to-day transactions (e.g., order processing).
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Decision support: Provides data and analytical tools for decision-making.
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Strategic advantage: Supports long-term planning and competitive positioning.
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Hardware: Physical components like computers and servers.
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Software: Applications and operating systems.
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People: Users, IT professionals, decision-makers.
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Data: Raw facts used to generate information.
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Processes: Procedures and rules for data handling.
2. Types of Information Systems in Business
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Handle routine, recurring transactions.
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Example: Point-of-Sale systems in retail stores.
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Summarize data from TPS to generate reports for middle management.
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Example: Sales summary reports.
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Use models and data to help make complex decisions.
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Example: Investment analysis tools.
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Integrates all business functions (HR, finance, supply chain) into one system.
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Example: SAP, Oracle ERP.
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Manages customer data and interactions to enhance relationships.
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Example: Salesforce.
3. Data, Information, and Knowledge
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Data: Raw facts (e.g., 200 sales).
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Information: Data processed to be meaningful (e.g., $10,000 in sales today).
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Knowledge: Applying information to make decisions (e.g., increase inventory).
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Accuracy
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Completeness
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Timeliness
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Consistency
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Relevance
4. IT and Competitive Advantage
Used to assess industry structure and competition:
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Threat of New Entrants
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Bargaining Power of Suppliers
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Bargaining Power of Buyers
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Threat of Substitutes
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Industry Rivalry
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Cost leadership: Automation reduces costs.
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Differentiation: Unique features powered by IT.
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Focus: IT enables niche targeting.
A model to analyze business activities and find where IT can add value:
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Primary Activities: Inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing, service.
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Support Activities: HR, tech development, procurement.
5. Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
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Planning: Identify needs and define scope.
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Analysis: Gather business requirements.
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Design: Specify hardware, software, network.
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Development: Build and test the system.
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Implementation: Deploy system to users.
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Maintenance: Ongoing support and updates.
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Agile Development: Iterative, customer-focused.
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Rapid Application Development (RAD): Emphasizes quick development.
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Prototyping: Builds working models early for feedback.
6. E-Business and E-Commerce
6.1 E-Business vs. E-Commerce
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E-Business: All digital business activities.
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E-Commerce: Buying and selling goods/services online.
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B2B: Business to business (e.g., Alibaba).
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B2C: Business to consumer (e.g., Amazon).
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C2C: Consumer to consumer (e.g., eBay).
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C2B: Consumer to business (e.g., Upwork freelancers).
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Global reach
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Cost efficiency
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Personalization
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24/7 availability
7. Cloud Computing and Virtualization
Delivery of computing services (servers, storage, databases) over the internet (“the cloud”).
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IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Virtual machines (e.g., AWS EC2).
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PaaS (Platform as a Service): Development platforms (e.g., Google App Engine).
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SaaS (Software as a Service): Applications over the web (e.g., Google Workspace).
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Scalability
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Cost-effectiveness
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Accessibility
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Business continuity
8. Business Intelligence (BI) and Analytics
Technologies and practices for collecting, integrating, analyzing, and presenting business data to support decision-making.
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Data Warehousing: Central repository for integrated data.
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OLAP (Online Analytical Processing): Enables multidimensional queries.
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Data Mining: Discovers hidden patterns.
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Dashboards: Visual data displays for real-time insights.
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Predicting customer behavior
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Identifying cost savings
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Performance tracking
9. Cybersecurity in Business IT
Protects sensitive business data and systems from unauthorized access or attacks.
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Phishing
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Malware
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Ransomware
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Insider threats
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Firewalls
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Encryption
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Access controls
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Regular updates and patches
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Employee training
10. IT Governance and Ethics
A framework to ensure that IT aligns with business goals, manages risks, and delivers value.
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Privacy
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Intellectual property
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Digital rights
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Transparency and accountability
11. Emerging Technologies in Business
AI enables systems to simulate human intelligence.
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Examples: Chatbots, recommendation engines, fraud detection.
Connected devices that collect and exchange data.
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Examples: Smart factories, inventory tracking.
Decentralized ledger technology.
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Uses: Supply chain transparency, secure contracts.
Automates repetitive tasks using bots.
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Application: Invoice processing, data entry.
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